Active Integrated Antenna

This chapter discusses the active integrated antenna (AIA), which is the integration of an antenna with an active circuitry that acts as a radiating element as well as to perform additional functions simultaneously. The designs of AIA can be generalized into three different classifications, the amplifier type, the oscillator type, and the frequency conversion type. An AIA is classified as the amplifier type when its active device functions as an amplifier. Correspondingly, an AIA is classified as the oscillator type when its active device offers the function of an oscillator while the frequency conversion type of AIA integrates an active device with a passive antenna element for the purpose of frequency translation.