Origins and minimization of intermodulation distortion in a pseudo-differential CMOS beamforming receiver

This paper studies how nonlinear distortion is generated in the combination of an inverter-based low-noise amplifier and a passive mixer. The dominant nonlinearity appears to be the quadratic $$V_{gs}V_{ds}$$ V gs V ds mixing term in the passive mixer that first causes low-frequency IM2 and then upconverts it to IM3. Adding a common-mode feedback (CMFB) cancels the IM2 in a pseudo-differential structure, and hence also reduces the IM3 caused by the cascaded second order nonlinearities significantly. The effect of CMFB gain, bandwidth and linearity were analyzed, and it is concluded that from the linearity point of view, the feedback circuit does not have to be very wideband since the dominant distortion products originate from baseband. Finally, the paper takes a look at the spurious tones rising in the mixing, and how to extend the analysis to include the actual frequency translation effect.

Translation of Idioms: How They are Reflected in Movie Subtitling

Idiomatic expressions are expressions with a figurative meaning different from their literal meaning, and therefore, they cannot be understood literally. This study aims to scrutinize some aspects of the translation of idiomatic expressions in a mystery movie entitled ‘Murder on the Orient Express’. Seventy-seven idiomatic expressions were found in the movie. The idioms can be categorized as follows: keywords with idiomatic uses (16) idioms with nouns and adjectives (2), idiomatic pairs (1), idioms with prepositions (7), phrasal verbs idioms (26), verbal idioms (5), idioms from special subjects (1), idioms with key words from special categories (16), and idioms with comparison (3). Phrasal verbs idiom was the most frequently occurred because idioms are mostly organized by verb comprising the combination of verb and preposition or verb and adverb. Further, the rendering of the idioms from English as the Source Language (SL) into Indonesian as the Target Language (TL) employed some strategies; translation by paraphrase was the highly frequent translation strategy. The strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form was also located in the high-frequency position of the continuum. Furthermore, using an idiom of similar form and meaning and translation by omission were the translation strategies of low frequency. Translation by paraphrase was frequently used because the translator wanted to convey the meaning as clearly as possible while also considering the cultural difference between SL and TL. To sum up, the idiomatic expression dominantly used in the movie was phrasal verbs (34%), while the strategy that was mostly applied in translating them was translation by paraphrase (56%).

Translation of Idioms: How They are Reflected in Movie Subtitling

Idiomatic expressions are expressions with a figurative meaning different from their literal meaning, and therefore, they cannot be understood literally. This study aims to scrutinize some aspects of the translation of idiomatic expressions in a mystery movie entitled ‘Murder on the Orient Express’. Seventy-seven idiomatic expressions were found in the movie. The idioms can be categorized as follows: keywords with idiomatic uses (16) idioms with nouns and adjectives (2), idiomatic pairs (1), idioms with prepositions (7), phrasal verbs idioms (26), verbal idioms (5), idioms from special subjects (1), idioms with key words from special categories (16), and idioms with comparison (3). Phrasal verbs idiom was the most frequently occurred because idioms are mostly organized by verb comprising the combination of verb and preposition or verb and adverb. Further, the rendering of the idioms from English as the Source Language (SL) into Indonesian as the Target Language (TL) employed some strategies; translation by paraphrase was the highly frequent translation strategy. The strategy of using an idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form was also located in the high-frequency position of the continuum. Furthermore, using an idiom of similar form and meaning and translation by omission were the translation strategies of low frequency. Translation by paraphrase was frequently used because the translator wanted to convey the meaning as clearly as possible while also considering the cultural difference between SL and TL. To sum up, the idiomatic expression dominantly used in the movie was phrasal verbs (34%), while the strategy that was mostly applied in translating them was translation by paraphrase (56%).

Active Integrated Antenna

This chapter discusses the active integrated antenna (AIA), which is the integration of an antenna with an active circuitry that acts as a radiating element as well as to perform additional functions simultaneously. The designs of AIA can be generalized into three different classifications, the amplifier type, the oscillator type, and the frequency conversion type. An AIA is classified as the amplifier type when its active device functions as an amplifier. Correspondingly, an AIA is classified as the oscillator type when its active device offers the function of an oscillator while the frequency conversion type of AIA integrates an active device with a passive antenna element for the purpose of frequency translation.