ORACA – an open-source software for Online Real-time neural Activity extraction and offline Cross-session Analysis

The idea to combine in vivo functional imaging with optogenetic stimulation to achieve closed-loop, all-optical recording and manipulation of neurons and neural circuits is appealing yet challenging. Other than necessary hardwares, it requires an analysis software fast enough to extract neural activities from imaging data in real time. Here we present an open-source, integrative image processing toolbox ORACA (Online Real-time Activity extraction and offline Cross-session Analysis), which provides solutions for both fast online and accurate offline data analyses. We developed fast GPU-based algorithms that can finish raw image registration, automatic identification and activity extraction of neurons within seconds after image acquisition. Offline analysis pipeline features a new cross-session alignment algorithm that takes into account the angle differences across imaging sessions, useful for shared microscope or long imaging intervals. A modular, user-friendly software that can be used as a complete package or independent modules, ORACA can effectively facilitate the image analysis process, especially for all-optical closed-loop control and long-term repeated imaging.

Couples' Conceptualizations of Problems in Couple Therapy

While a great deal is known about the problems that clients bring to therapy, little is known about the way in which clients conceptualize problems during the course of couple therapy. Understanding clients’ conceptualizations of problems is important because it provides the therapist with a client-centered context on how to approach discussions about the problems during the course of treatment. This manuscript provides the results of an exploratory qualitative inquiry concerning how clients conceptualize problems during therapy and across the trajectory of treatment. The sample consisted of 26 individuals comprising 13 couples attending couple therapy. Participants completed a semi-structured interview prior to the first and after the second, third, and fourth therapy session. Analysis included grounded theory and discourse analysis. Results suggested that couples approach problems from an individualistic standpoint, they internalize problems, and they expect to recover from problems. The authors discuss how therapists may challenge dominant discourses around problems during couple therapy.