Multiparty Mediation as Solution for Urban Conflicts: A Case Analysis from Brazil

Social conflicts are becoming more complex every day and, therefore, the development of alternative forms of conflict resolution is necessary in view of the limited role of the Judiciary. With this, mediation gains more space in Brazil and in the world through the 2019 Singapore Convention on Mediation. Mediation is beneficial in the urban context to stimulate the population’s participation and guarantee legitimacy at different levels of power. It enables public and private convergences, better public interest comprehension about the best way of life in cities and enhanced democratic management due to better dialogue and cooperation with the public administration. Mediation focuses on the interventions’ reasons, the role of those involved in the process, welcoming the urban conflict with its peculiarities. It promotes the constitutional principles of democracy, pacification, solidarity, dignity, autonomy of will, speed and popular participation in the administration of Justice. However, in urban conflicts, which involve public administration and a multiplicity of parts, it is often necessary to apply collective or multiparty mediation. Thus, the article’s main objective is to address the effectiveness of multiparty mediation as a solution to urban conflicts through the analysis of 5 (five) concrete cases mediated at the Judicial Dispute Resolution Centers – CEJUSC of the Rio Grande State Court of Justice of the South in Brazil. In the first step, a theoretical-descriptive analysis of multiparty mediation in Brazil and the mediator’s role is carried out. In a second step, we will perform the analysis of practical cases to reach the appropriate conclusions.

CONFLICTOLOGICAL APPROACH IN THE ANALYSIS OF THE TERRITORY, ADJACENT TO CULTURAL CENTER (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CULTURAL CENTER “YUBILEYNY” IN BELGOROD)

The reconstruction of clubs and cultural centers is one of the current trends in architecture. The research carried out within this framework is aimed at reviving the spectacular buildings of the second half of the XX century as urban centers of attraction, leisure and additional education. To date, it is necessary to review the methods of reconstruction of cultural centers of the Soviet period, the search for new approaches in solving the problems of reconstruction of the object and the adjacent territory. The study suggests the use of a conflictological approach in the analysis of the territory adjacent to the cultural center. This will allow exploring its potential, identifying and classifying urban conflicts between participants in urban development activities in relation to the territory, to determine the main ways to resolve them. On the example of the territory adjacent to the cultural center "Yubileyny" in Belgorod, urban planning conflicts in the studied territory are identified and classified: regulatory, property, socio-functional, land use, transport, which are a set of elements with positive or negative connections between them. According to the identified and classified conflicts, models of their structure with the participants of urban development activities and their interests in relation to the territory under consideration are constructed. The analysis of urban conflicts and their classification became the basis for the development of recommendations for urban development of the territory, which will allow to resolve a number of identified urban conflicts and develop a project proposal for the reconstruction of "Yubileyny"

CONFLICTS IN URBAN SPACE AND POST-INDUSTRIAL URBAN TRANSFORMATIONS

Kharkiv is a modern city in the transition to post-industrial development, with significant migratory attractiveness, high level of urbanization, binational and bilingual population, implementation of a number of socio-economic development projects. Today, the city is not only the localization of many opportunities for the development of society and man, but also an area of increased conflictogenity. The purpose of the study is to identify the main urban conflicts during the post-industrial transition, which arise as a reaction to urban transformations and the action of external national processes and the establishment of the main stakeholders of urban changes and conflicts. The study found that the manifestations and degree of conflictogenity in the city depends on its place in the global urban gradation, and therefore, Kharkiv has a high level of conflictogenity, which is confirmed by the frequency of urban conflicts. The study identified factors of high conflictogenity in Kharkiv, which are due to its historical, cultural and socio-economic development. The following conflicts arise in the city: migration, which are caused by pendulum migrations of the population from peripheral areas to the city, forced migrations from the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine; ethno-national, due to the competition of the Ukrainian-Russian population, conflicts with national minorities living in the city; urban and property conflicts, which arise mainly between representatives of local authorities, stakeholders and the local population. Urban conflicts affect urban processes, change the urban landscape and reduce the city’s attractiveness. We emphasize the need for further comprehensive socio-geographical studies of urban processes in cities, in particular the emergence of conflicts, identifying factors of conflict, the impact of urban conflicts on the socio-geographical landscape and developing models to find effective solutions to conflicts in the city.