Nature of Customary international law: All we need is practice

The main objective of this paper is to critically assess the dominant additive theory of the formation of Customary International Law by using the concept of discursive normative practice and the work of Gerald Postema. My central conclusion is that the use of this concept provides an explanation of the process of formation of Customary International Law that is superior to the additive theory which consists of two elements - practice and opinio juris. On the other hand, Postema's theory also has its own weaknesses, and this paper explores ways to improve it.

Effective Number Theory: Counting the Identities of a Quantum State

Quantum physics frequently involves a need to count the states, subspaces, measurement outcomes, and other elements of quantum dynamics. However, with quantum mechanics assigning probabilities to such objects, it is often desirable to work with the notion of a “total” that takes into account their varied relevance. For example, such an effective count of position states available to a lattice electron could characterize its localization properties. Similarly, the effective total of outcomes in the measurement step of a quantum computation relates to the efficiency of the quantum algorithm. Despite a broad need for effective counting, a well-founded prescription has not been formulated. Instead, the assignments that do not respect the measure-like nature of the concept, such as versions of the participation number or exponentiated entropies, are used in some areas. Here, we develop the additive theory of effective number functions (ENFs), namely functions assigning consistent totals to collections of objects endowed with probability weights. Our analysis reveals the existence of a minimal total, realized by the unique ENF, which leads to effective counting with absolute meaning. Touching upon the nature of the measure, our results may find applications not only in quantum physics, but also in other quantitative sciences.

Preliminary Discussion on Several Problems Related to the Divisor Function

This paper is divided into three parts to discuss the divisor function. It mainly combines the high power sum of the divisor function to study the solution number of the polynomial with integer coefficients "g(x)=0(modq)", and to improve some of the conclusions in the second chapter of Additive Theory of Prime Numbers and prove the improved conclusions.

Presenting Color Additive Theory on Image’s Channels Dynamically

Utilizing visual characteristics of human eyes, color additive theory can make richer colors from red (R), green (G) and blue (B), the three primary colors. Our people live in a colorful world, and color exists everywhere. Many experiments has proved that the three colors can be mixed together to get various colors. In the paper, color additive theory on RGB is shown in a fun, novel manner by user-friendly dynamic process under Microsoft Visual C++ programming environment, whose purpose is to intuitively present the effect of different color overlapping to the viewers. Following the steps of reading image’s data, displaying the pixels, generating color bitmap and showing the dynamical movement of images in single channel, the program displays the mixing process of any two of red, green, and blue colors to get brighter colors, which are called yellow, cyan and magenta and an equal combination of the three colors can get white color.

Conjecture in Additive Twin Primes Numbers Theory

For two millennia, the prime numbers have continued to fascinate mathematicians. Indeed, a conjecture which dates back to this period states that the number of twin primes is infinite. In 1949 Clement showed a theorem on twin primes. For the record, the theorem of Clement has quickly been known to be ineffective in the development of twin primes because of the factorial. This is why I thought ofusing the additive theory of numbers to find pairs of twin primes from the first two pairs of twin primes. What I have formulated as a conjecture. In same time i presentmy idea about the solution of the Goldbach’s weak conjecture.

Identification of Inertial Parameters of Heavy Truck Powertrains

Based on the quality of line frequency response function and the principle of rigid body micro-vibration, a technique was proposed to verify the experimental accuracy for the heavy truck powertrain by using rigid body inertia tensor transformation and additive theory. The measurement of inertial parameters of a heavy truck powertrain was carried out by hammer method. The total least square processing theory was proposed to process the experimental data. The experimental results showed satisfactory accuracy and reliability.