Algoritma Pemrograman dengan Bahasa Program Pascal

Algoritma adalah cara yang efektif untuk direpresentasikan sebagai deret hingga. Algoritma juga merupakan kombinasi dari perintah-perintah yang memecahkan masalah secara sistematis, terstruktur dan logis. Tidak peduli apa masalahnya. Kita harus memanfaatkan suatu kondisi pada setiap masalah untuk menentukan syarat pertama yang wajib untuk kita ikuti sebelum kita menjalankan sebuah algoritma. Algoritma biasanya juga memiliki sebuah prosedur iteratif, serta pengambilan keputusan sampai keputusan tersebut diselesaikan. Pascal ialah sebuah bahasa pemrograman komputer yang berkembang pada tahun 1971 oleh Profesor Niklaus Wirth, anggota Federasi Internasional untuk Pemrosesan Informasi (IFIP). Berdasarkan pada nama asli seorang Matematikawan dari Francis yaitu Blaise Pascal yang pertama sekali yang menciptakan sebuah komputer, Profesor Niklaus Wirth menciptakan sebuah bahasa Pemrograman Pascal, sebagai tambahan untuk menyampaikan konsep Pemrograman PC untuk siswa siswanya tersebut.

A questão do infinito em pascal e espinosa

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal demonstrar que o pensamento do filósofo francês Blaise Pascal nunca esteve alheio às principais discussões metafísicas do século XVII. A discussão que será explorada aqui está relacionada com a questão do infinito, abordada com ênfase pelos autores desse período. Com esse objetivo em mente, tentar-se-á construir uma argumentação sobre a questão do infinito no âmbito da metafísica a partir de dois filósofos do século XVII: Blaise Pascal e Baruch Espinosa. Tentaremos mostrar que a reflexão filosófica de Pascal, por um lado, se assemelha à de Espinosa quando assume que Deus deve ser concebido como absolutamente infinito, acima de qualquer gênero específico de infinitude, seja matemático ou espacial, mas se afasta do filósofo holandês, quando Pascal assume a impossibilidade de o homem compreender o infinito em termos absolutos por intermédio da racionalidade.

On the Fear of the Void and Killing Babies in Pascal, Nabokov, and Game of Thrones

The article places Game of Thrones within a tradition of pessimism, reaching back to Blaise Pascal and coloured by Nabokov’s vision of birth as a separation between two voids. This lineage provides a philosophical thread to analyse the motivations and actions of the protagonists of Game of Thrones, in particular their relation to child-killing. The void looms large in the world of Game of Thrones as the unchartered space beyond the wall. It is the awareness of the reality of this void and the horrors it harbours which is shown to propel those who have it, to go to the greatest lengths to preserve the life of a child.

Diálogo ficticio entre Jean Guitton y Blaise Pascal

En la comunicación abordaremos el diálogo ficticio entre Jean Guitton (1901-1999) y Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) por su interés en el análisis del ateísmo, del teísmo religioso y el materialista, debate que está muy presente en nuestra sociedad actual.

O “Ensaio Para As Cônicas” de Blaise Pascal

Apresentamos aqui uma tradução do Essai pour les coniques, publicado em francês por Blaise Pascal em 1640. A tradução é acompanhada de notas explicativas aos termos, assim como de breves formulações modernas dos resultados matemáticos. A introdução contextualiza o Essai pour les coniques em seu período histórico, relacionando-o aos trabalhos de Pascal e de Girard Desargues sobre as cônicas a partir de uma abordagem “perspectiva”, ou, como seria mais tarde denominada, geometria projetiva. Abordamos brevemente o conteúdo matemático do tratado, em particular no que diz respeito ao dito Teorema de Pascal ou Teorema do Hexágono e à unificação de casos geométricos envolvendo o infinito e o finito.

Maurolico e Pascal: Indução Matemática e Demonstração por Exemplificação

A Indução Matemática foi aparentemente inventada por Francesco Maurolico e reformulada e reestruturada por Blaise Pascal. Nas suas demonstrações do passo da indução dos seus argumentos, todos os dois recorreram a demonstrações por exemplificação. Nesse sentido, o argumento de Maurolico é satisfatório, enquanto o de Pascal não o é. O método de Pascal, no entanto nos fornece um algoritmo para resolver toda instância particular coberta por sua proposição.

“You Would Not Seek Me If You Had Not Found Me”—Another Pascalian Response to the Problem of Divine Hiddenness

One version of the Problem of Divine Hiddenness is about people who are looking for God and are distressed about not finding him. Having in mind such distressed God-seekers, Blaise Pascal imagined Jesus telling them the following: “Take comfort; you would not seek me if you had not found me.” This is what I call the Pascalian Conditional of Hiddenness (PCH). In the first part of this paper, I argue that the PCH leads to a new interpretation of Pascal’s own response to the problem, significantly different from Hick’s or Schellenberg’s interpretations of Pascal. In short: for any person who is distressed about not finding God, and who (for this reason) seriously considers the Argument from Hiddenness, the PCH would show that their own distress constitutes evidence that God is in fact not hidden to them (because this desire for God has been instigated in them by God himself). In the second part of the paper, I set aside the exegetical question and try to develop this original strategy as a contemporary response to one version of the Problem of Divine Hiddenness, which I call the “first-person problem.” I argue that the PCH strategy offers a plausibly actual story to respond to the first-person problem. As a result, even if we need to complement the PCH strategy with other more traditional strategies (in order to respond to other versions of the problem), the PCH strategy should plausibly be part of the complete true story about Divine Hiddenness.

Blaise Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator: Geometric Modelling and Virtual Reconstruction

This article shows the three-dimensional (3D) modelling and virtual reconstruction of the first mechanical calculating machine used for accounting purposes designed by Blaise Pascal in 1642. To obtain the 3D CAD (computer-aided design) model and the geometric documentation of said invention, CATIA V5 R20 software has been used. The starting materials for this research, mainly the plans of this arithmetic machine, are collected in the volumes Oeuvres de Blaise Pascal published in 1779. Sketches of said machine are found therein that lack scale, are not dimensioned and certain details are absent; that is, they were not drawn with precision in terms of their measurements and proportions, but they do provide qualitative information on the shape and mechanism of the machine. Thanks to the three-dimensional modelling carried out; it has been possible to explain in detail both its operation and the final assembly of the invention, made from the assemblies of its different subsets. In this way, the reader of the manuscript is brought closer to the perfect understanding of the workings of a machine that constituted a major milestone in the technological development of the time.

Infini-Rien: Ist Pascals Wettargument formallogisch ungültig?

In the Infini-Rien fragment of his Pensées, Blaise Pascal develops an argument for the rationality of faith in God, which posthumously became known as Pascal’s Wager and at the same time represents a cornerstone of modern probability theory. While this betting argument has been the subject of much philosophical investigation, the contribution of this paper lies in the following: On the one hand, the bet is reconstructed in its basic features as well as its structure with the help of modern decision and probability theory tools. Thus, it is shown that Pascal’s betting argument, in distinction to Hacking 1972 for instance, has the form of an a fortiori argument. On the other hand, as far as objections to Pascal’s argument are concerned, it is true that the premises have often been called into doubt, more or less convincingly. On the other hand, this article is dedicated to the question, often emphatically – especially in Hacking 1972 – and perhaps carelessly affirmed in Pascal research, whether Pascal’s premises imply his conclusion at all.