STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KELEMBAGAAN PKBM

CLC is a container service againce and community learning needs, because the condotion is not suffcient, so it can not be optimal in providing service to the comunity. Is the dicision makers in managing intitutions, manager are required to have and master the competencies. The implementation of training, competency managing know CLC; consurt conceptual models of training; trial of conceptual models; implementation models, and the effevtivines of the training model in managing independent CLC. The method developed is the R & D (research and technique). Data collection techniques used where test, observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis used the test (different test) to measure the competence of managers and correlationtest to measure the effectivenes of the training model. The findings of this study is managing CLC curent condition, areconventional and fuctional; excution of the current training is top down; condition CLC management competency assesment category is currentlly still insufficient, then the solution is training; construct conceptual models of training; trial of conceptual models; implementation model, and model manage CLC effective training to immprove the competence of managers in managing independent CLC.

Enhanced odour-associated memory performance with a Y-maze assembly in Drosophila

The neural basis of behaviour is identified by systematically disrupting the activity of specific neurons and screening for loss in phenotype. High scoring behavioural assays are thus necessary for identifying the neural circuits of novel behaviours. Here, we report the design and use of a Y-maze based classical olfactory learning and memory assay in Drosophila. Appetitive memory scores in our Y-maze are considerably greater and longer-lasting than that from a commonly used T-maze design. We show that testing in the Y-maze is key to the improved scores. We also observed considerable 24-hour aversive taste reinforced memory performance with only one training trial using Y-mazes. This allowed us to determine the protein synthesis dependence of long-lasting aversive taste memories for the first time in flies. The Y-maze assembly will make olfactory conditioning more accessible and it will allow the study of novel memory phenotypes in Drosophila.

Implicit learning is too fast to be a slow process

In motor learning, the slow development of implicit learning, following explicit components of learning is well established. While much is known about behaviour during adaptation to a perturbation in reaches, saccades and locomotion, little is known about implicit processes during adaptation. Implicit learning is characterized by both changes in internal models and state estimates of limb position, which we measure as reach aftereffects and shifts in hand localization, after every training trial. This allows trial-by-trial mapping of implicit learning. Participants reached to targets with aligned, then 30° rotated, counter-rotated and finally error-clamped cursor feedback. This paradigm allows fitting a common state space model to the reach performance. The slow process of the model did not match the time course of either of our implicit measures. The observed implicit changes were near asymptote after only one perturbed training trial and thus occur much faster than conventionally believed.