Engineering projects and educational paradigms

Engineering is part of one of the most forward-thinking careers in industries. In this work, the elementary principles of engineering projects in university education are evaluated and the minimum criteria that an engineering project should have are established so that the future professional develops the necessary skills for their performance as an engineer. A bibliographic review of engineering education is then carried out and the formulation of projects that make the development of practical skills possible. Keywords: Engineering practices, academic projects, industry 4.0. References [1]A. Olaya, Bioinformática como recurso educativo: Proyecto de ingeniería, Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba, 2018. [2]L. Antoni, La Industria 4.0 en la sociedad digital, Barcelona: Marge Books, 2019. [3]d. V. José, «Industria 4.0: la transformación digital de la industria,» Universidad de Deusto, Deusto. [4]G. Mendizábal and A. Escalante, «El reto de la educación 4.0: competencias laborales para el trabajo emergentepor la covid-19,» RICSH, vol. 10, nº 19, pp. 261 - 283., 2021. [5]R. Ramirez-Mendoza, R. Morales-Menendez, H. Iqbal and R. Parra-Saldivar, «Educación en Ingeniería 4.0: - propuesta para un nuevo currículo,» de EDUCON, Conferencia Global de Educación en Ingeniería de la IEEE 2018, 2018. [6]T. P. Ngoc and N. M. Tri, «Desarrollar la educación superior en el contexto de la revolución industrial 4.0,» Multicultural Education, vol. 7, nº 6, pp. 208-217, 2021. [7]A. Benešová and J. Tupa, «Requisitos para la educación y calificación de las personas en la industria 4.0,» Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 11, pp. 2195-2202, 2017. [8]C. Huerta and M. Velázquez, «Educación 4.0 como respuesta a la Industria 4.0: un estudio analítico-descriptivo,» Ciencia Latina, vol. 5, nº 1, 2021. [9]R. L. Katz, «Capital humano para la transformación digital en América Latina,» CEPAL, 2018. [10]R. Pallás-Areny, «LA INGENIERÍA ELECTRÓNICA Y LA MEDICINA,» [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ramon-Pallas-Areny/publication/239813249_La_Ingenieria_electronica_y_la_medicina/links/0deec539fea82baf03000000/La-Ingenieria-electronica-y-la-medicina.pdf. [Last access: 27 12 2021]. [11]H. Medellín, G. González, R. Espinosa, E. Govea and T. Lim, «Desarrollo de Aplicaciones de Realidad Virtual y Sistemas Hápticos en Ingeniería, medicina y arte,» de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, San Luis Potosí-Mexico, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 2014, pp. 77-93. [12]S. Chris, E. Ray, J. Andrew and L. Jason, «Designing cranial implants in a haptic augmented reality environment,» Communications of the ACM, vol. 47, nº 8, pp. 33-38, 2004. [13]G. Sabine, K. Erwin and G. Bernd, «Advances in interactive craniofacial surgery planning by 3D simulation and visualization.,» Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 24, pp. 120-125, 1995. [14]P. Philipp, G. B. Alexander, P. Andreas, V. S. Norman, P. Bernhard, P. Andreas, H. Karl-Heinz, T. Ulf, S. Ingo and H. Max, «Virtual Dental Surgery as a New Educational Tool in Dental School,» Journal of Cranio- Maxillo-Facial Surgery, vol. 38, pp. 560-564, 2010. [15]C. Castañeda and F. Vázquez, «Realidad Virtual, un apoyo en la Terapia de Acrofobia, Claustrofobia y Agorafobia, » de Memorias del VIII Congreso Internacional sobre Innovación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CIINDET 2011), Cuernavaca Morelos, México., 2011. [16]F. Suárez, O. Flor and L. Rosales, «Sistema de interpretación de conductas para identificación de situaciones de riesgo,» Revista Ibérica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informação, vol. E31, pp. 309-317, 2020. [17]La importancia de las letras, «La historia de la educación,» 2010. [Online]. Available: http://historiageneraldelaeducacion.blogspot.com/2010/03/historia-de-la-educacion-conclusion.html. [Last access: 27 11 2021]. [18]V. Guichot, «HISTORIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN: REFLEXIONES SOBRE SU OBJETO, UBICACIÓN EPISTEMOLÓGICA, DEVENIR HISTÓRICO Y TENDENCIAS ACTUALES,» Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Educativos, vol. 2, nº 1, pp. 11-51, 2006. [19]K. Zambrano, «Línea de tiempo de la historia de la educación,» 13 septiembre 2018. [Online]. Available: https://prezi.com/p/oashlaqm_uxn/linea-del-tiempo-historia-de-la-educacion/. [Last access: 24 11 2021]. [20]M. Begoña Tellería, «Educación y nuevas tecnologías. Educación a Distancia y Educación Virtual,» Revista de Teoría y Didáctica de las Ciencias, nº 9, pp. 209-222, 2004. [21]R. Nieto, «EDUCACIÓN VIRTUAL O VIRTUALIDAD DE LA EDUCACIÓN,» Rev.hist.educ.latinoam, vol. 14, nº 19, 2012. [22]S. Levy, D. Romero and R. Pasini, «Implementacón práctica del agilismo en proyecto de Ingeniería de Software, » de XLV Jornadas Argentinas de Informática e Investigación Operativa, Argentina, 2016.

Nitrogen source recovery from mature leachate via heat extraction technology: An engineering project application

Large pool of ammonia in mature leachate is challenging to treat with a membrane bioreactor system to meet the discharge standard for pollution control of municipal solid waste landfills in China (GB 16889-2008) without external carbon source addition. In this study, an engineering leachate treatment project with a scale of 2,000 m3/d was operated to evaluate the ammonia heat extraction system (AHES), which contains preheat, decomposition, steam-stripping, ammonia recovery, and centrifuge dewatering. The operation results showed that NH3-N concentrations of raw leachate and treated effluent from an ammonia heat extraction system (AHES) were 1,305–2,485 mg/L and 207–541 mg/L, respectively. The ratio of COD/NH3-N increased from 1.40–1.84 to 7.69–28.00. Nitrogen was recovered in the form of NH4HCO3 by the ammonia recovery tower with the introduction of CO2, wherein, the mature leachate can offer 37% CO2 consumption. The unit consumptions of steam and power were 8.0% and 2.66 kWh/m3 respectively, and the total operation cost of AHES was 2.06 USD per cubic leachate. These results confirm that the heat extraction is an efficient and cost-effective technology for the recovery of nitrogen resource from mature leachate.

Experimental Study on Physical Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Diatomite Soil in Zhejiang Province, China

Diatomite soil is a kind of bio-siliceous soil with complex composition and special structure, the physical and mechanical properties of diatomite soil are very important for the engineering project. In this paper, the physical properties, mechanical properties, and microstructure of diatomite soil in Zhejiang Province are studied by geotechnical tests and microscopic tests from the macroscopic and microscopic perspective. The results show that: (1) The diatomite soil has special properties different from other soils, including small particle size, low specific gravity value, high liquid-plastic limit, and low compressibility, and the strength indexes c and φ of diatomite soil will decrease with an increase in soil water content; (2) in the triaxial test, when the dry density of diatomite soil increases from 1.30 g/cm3 to 1.50 g/cm3, the effective internal friction angle of diatomite soil increases from 5.6° to 14.5° and the effective cohesion increases from 30.9 kPa to 49.6 kPa. The stress–strain curve of diatomite soil changes from weak softening type to weak hardening type when the confining pressure is above 200 kPa; (3) the diatomite soil has high porosity due to its unique microstructure; it is rich in aluminum oxides and minerals, which will greatly reduce the engineering performance of diatomite soil.

Wind-Induced Resuspension and Transport of Contaminated Sediment from the Rove Canal into the Etang De Berre, France

The present study concerns the erosion and transport of severely contaminated sediments in a Canal. It begins in the context of an engineering project aimed to re-introduce a forced convection at the entrance of this Canal by pumping marine water. The local wind is often strong enough to overpass the resuspension threshold; thus, there is a serious risk of downstream contamination of a Mediterranean lagoon. So, the goal is to evaluate this risk as a function of the pumping rate; this contamination is transported by the fine suspended particles. Different scenarios are investigated to determine the downstream transport of suspensions in terms of runoff. These scenarios (of 24 h) contains a succession of 3 periods: constant wind speed, wind slowdown and calm, for two opposite wind directions. Special attention is devoted to the modeling of complex mechanisms of erosion and resuspension during wind periods, deposition during windless periods and sediment consolidation. The main results concern the total flux of the suspended particles through the exit of the Canal at the confluence with the lagoon. It is shown that even for moderate runoff (<6 m3/s) this total flux is large enough, not only during the wind period, but also after several hours of calm.

AN APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF ARCHIMATE APPLICATION ARCHITECTURE MODELS USING THE SOFTWARE COUPLING METRIC

Applications architecture is the baseline of any organizational activity, which main goal is to provide the executional environment for businessprocesses in order to deliver products or services to satisfy customer needs and generate revenue. Nowadays, large software engineering projectsalways begin with the architecture design phase, despite the waterfall or agile methodology is used by a software development team. Applicationsarchitecture design is the most important and, at the same time, error-prone stage of the whole software engineering project. It is well-known thatdesign shortcomings made on the design phase may increase drastically to testing and maintenance phases. Further costs to defects fixing may behundred times higher in the later project stages in compare to the design stage on which applications architecture is defined. Common system designsolutions, which were proven on practice and used in many projects, are known as architectural patterns. Software architecture patterns are consideredas building block for system implementation. The most popular and efficient way to share architectural patterns are graphical models that used as anyother blueprints of engineering solutions. Applications architecture models are built to represent system design, whereas, such models are alreadybased on certain patterns as the industry best practices. Hence, in this paper we consider a relevant problem of applications architecture modelsanalysis, which relevance is defined by those fact that designed blueprints of information systems and other software solutions should be carefullychecked for all presumable inefficiencies in order to avoid extra efforts and related costs for defects fixing in the later project stages. It is proposed touse ArchiMate enterprise architecture modeling language, since it can be used not only to represent applications architecture, but is connection tobusiness and technology layers. In order to evaluate applications architecture models, respective ArchiMate metamodel is considered and representedas labeled directed graph, and coupling software metric is selected for analysis. Sample calculations are demonstrated, obtained results are discussed,conclusion and future work directions are formulated.