The territorial segmentation of coastal tourism areas

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the potential benefits of identifying homogeneous territorial units of the urban-tourism space at a local scale. Design/methodology/approach The territory is an essential variable for designing tourist activities adapted to the characteristics of each urban-tourism space. However, your consideration presents a series of problems, including the lack of alphanumeric, microscale, georeferenced statistical information. The territorial segmentation of the tourist accommodations supply is approached as a methodology, a technique and an instrument that can be used to apply marketing strategies in coastal tourism areas. Findings One of the most important results is that territorial segmentation is a methodology and technique that can mitigate this issue because it is well-suited to defining spatial patterns of tourist behaviour through the delimitation of territorial units that have a certain degree of homogeneity. Originality/value The idea of territorial segmentation is the ideal technique for understanding tourists and their behaviour in the territory by integrating all the variables that intervene in a trip, the different aspects of the destination and data regarding tourist behaviour, allowing them to be understood at the greatest level of territorial disaggregation and making it a good tool for public and private actors, capable of facilitating intelligent decisions in strategic territorial planning and in defining the marketing approach of tourism companies.

Mapping Plastic Greenhouses With LANDSAT 8 Imagery in Valparaiso, Chile

In the last decades there has been a strong increase around the world in the use of plastic greenhouses (PGs). The Valparaíso region, in the central valley of Chile, has not been the exception, and the area covered by greenhouses has also experienced an increase over the years, reaching 1180 ha in 2007. Taking into account that agriculture in this region employs more than 60,000 people and accounts for 4% of the regional GDP, this information should be available to be included in territorial planning and incorporated into hydrological, economic, and food security models. To do this, the authors propose a new method for identifying the surface covered by PGs based on the intersection of the normalized difference indices and the areas excluded by the masks. The results showed that this methodology was able to identify with a general precision of 86.25% which allowed to classify 1409.85 ha. This area is consistent with the agricultural census carried out in 2007 and with the increase of more than 900 subsidies granted by the government for the installation of new structures.

As Unidades de Paisagem no município de Areado, sul de Minas Gerais: uma proposta de estudo ambiental integrado a partir da concepção geossistêmica

A paisagem se apresenta como uma unidade de investigação de significativa importância no que tange aos estudos ambientais. Dessa forma, o agrupamento de suas variáveis em unidades pode avultar como estratégia metodológica para compreensão das estruturas e dinâmicas espaciais, e nesse sentido a concepção geossistêmica, aqui trabalhada segundo os pressupostos russo-soviéticos, fornece o aporte teórico-metodológico adequado. Desse modo, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo interpretar, classificar, cartografar e discutir os aspectos estruturais da paisagem no município de Areado (sul de Minas Gerais) a partir da abordagem geossistêmica. Para tal, foi necessário por intermédio do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) reunir um banco de dados com variáveis chave e complementares, que se referem às seguintes variáveis: solo, geologia, unidades geomorfológicas, uso e cobertura da terra. Tais variáveis foram individualizadas em grupos de fácies segundo a proposta de hierarquização dos geossistemas de Sochava (1977,1978). Dessa forma, obteve-se 14 tipologias geossistêmicas que representam em grande parte a estrutura da paisagem, reunidos em duas classes de fácies, que retratam as principais organizações geomorfológicas regionais definidas pelas superfícies altimontanas e intermontanas. Os resultados obtidos podem subsidiar diretamente programas de planejamento territorial e governança do patrimônio ambiental, garantindo a manutenção dos serviços ambientais existentes e orientando da forma mais parcimoniosa possível os usos econômicos do espaço. The Landscape Units in the municipality of Areado, south of Minas Gerais: a proposal for an integrated environmental study from the geosystemic conception A B S T R A C TThe landscape presentes itself as an investigation unity of significant importance with regard to environmental studies. Thus, the grouping of its variables into units can enlarge as a methodological strategy towards the comprehension of the spacial structures and dynamics, and in this sense the geosystemic conception, considereded here according to the Russian-Soviet assumptions, provides the appropriate theoretical and methodological support. Thereby, this present research aims to interpret, classify, map, discuss the structural aspects of the landscape in the municipality of Areado (south of Minas Gerais) from the geosystemic approach. For that purpose, it was necessary through the Geographic Information System (GIS) to gather a database with key and complementary variables, which refer to the following variables: soil, geology, geomorphological units, land use cover. Such variables were individualized in groups of facies according to the geosystems hierarchization proposal of Sochava (1977, 1978). Thus, fourteen geosystemic typologies were obtained, which largely represent the landscape structure, gathered in two classes of facies, that retract the main regional geomorphological organizations defined by the altimontana and intermontana surfaces. The obtained results may directly subsidize programs of territorial planning and governance of environmental heritage, ensuring the maintenance of existing environmental services and guiding in the most parsimonious way possible the economic uses of space.Key words: landscape, geosystem, environmental analysis, management, planning.

O uso dos dados lidar para a compreensão da dinâmica de escoamento e acúmulo de águas em Recife – PE

Os grandes aglomerados urbanos desencadeiam profundas problemáticas de natureza hidroclimática, resultantes principalmente das formas de uso e ocupação do solo. Os padrões hídricos, tais como escoamento e acúmulo de fluxo, são afetados diretamente pelo efeito de impermeabilização do solo decorrente das construções humanas e quando esta estrutura urbana é somada aos eventos climáticos extremos, culminam na ocorrência periódica de inundações. Diante deste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender e identificar os danos hidrológicos decorrentes da concentração urbana, sobre a dinâmica natural do escoamento, a fim de investigar os fatores que provocam estas inundações nas determinadas regiões. A área de estudo do presente trabalho é representada por folhas de amostragem do sensor LiDAR das Regiões político administrativas IV e VI do município do Recife, Pernambuco. Para subsidiar a análise proposta, os modelos digitais de elevação do projeto Pernambuco 3D, provenientes do sensor LiDAR, foram processados em ambiente SIG, e a partir destes dados de alta resolução espacial foi possível analisar detalhadamente as variáveis que propiciam o escoamento superficial e acúmulo de fluxo nas áreas em estudo. Os resultados obtidos para as áreas de amostragem, foram analisados e comparados com as políticas públicas de drenagem urbana e planejamento territorial vigentes, avaliando a relação entre as redes de macro e microdrenagem, com a ocorrência de inundações no meio urbano. The use of lidar data for the understanding of water flow and accumulation dynamics in the Recife – PEA B S T R A C TLarge urban agglomerations result in huge problems of hydroclimatic nature, resulting mainly from the forms of land use and occupation. Water patterns, such as runoff and flow accumulation, are directly affected by the waterproofing effect from human constructions, and when added to the extreme weather events, they culminate in a periodic occurrence of urban floods. The study area of the present work is represented by the LiDAR sensor sampling sheets from the administrative political Regions IV and VI of the municipality of Recife, in Pernambuco. Given this context, the present study aims to understand and identify the hydrological damage caused by the urban concentration on the natural dynamics of runoff, to investigate the factors that cause these floods in that specific region. To subsidize the proposed analysis, the digital elevation models of the Pernambuco 3D project, from the LiDAR sensor, were processed in a GIS environment, and from these high spatial resolution data it was possible to analyze in detail the variables that propitiate surface runoff and flow accumulation in the areas under study. The results obtained for the sampling areas were analyzed and compared with the urban drainage and territorial planning public policies in force, evaluating the relationship between the macro and micro drainage networks, with the occurrence of floods in the urban environment. Keywords: Geoprocessing. remote sensing. urbanization. urban flood. surface runoff.

Landscape Planning for Conservation: The Case of the Flora and Fauna Protection Area “Sierra de San Miguelito”, San Luis Potosi, Mexico

A supporting study was developed to identify the priority elements for conservation in the region called “Sierra de San Miguelito” (SSM), in the San Luis Potosi State (SLP), Mexico, with the purpose of establishing a federal protected natural area (PNA). The methodological approach used was the integral-spatial analysis applied in territorial planning processes. The study showed that the forests, xerophilous scrubland, and natural grasslands of the SSM present a high biodiversity, an abundance of endemism (27% of species are endemic to the country, n = 285), and protected species (5% of reported species). In addition, 32.74% of vertebrates and 18.32% of flora reported for SLP status is present in SSM, with an area that represents only 1.79% of the state territory. As a result of the study, an area of 109,638.95 ha was proposed to be declared a federally PNA. The area provides environmental services that favor the San Luis Potosí city (SLPc) and the surrounding population; therefore, its conservation will promote the preservation of natural, cultural, and landscape heritage, being a transversal axis for sustainable development in its area of influence. The result was the basis for starting the negotiation process, developed in 2021, for the creation of the PNA.

Impact of Urban Planning Activities on the Environmental Status of Human Settlements and Finding Ways to Improve It by Means of Urban Development Measures

Постановка задачи. Исследуется влияние мероприятий по градостроительству, планировке населенных мест на экологическое состояние поселений, а также пути улучшения экологии мерами градостроительства. Результаты. Методом экстраполяции исследована динамика сельского и городского населения, осуществлен прогноз на перспективу. Определено гигиеническое значение планировки территории. Рассмотрены истоки возникновения и причины развития наиболее общих экологических проблем урбанизированной территории. Раскрыты такие наиболее актуальные проблемы крупных городов, как несанкционированные свалки, точечная застройка, высокая плотность населения, сокращение площади зеленых насаждений и др.; предложены мероприятия по их решению (снижению негативного влияния) на законодательном и исполнительном уровнях. Выводы. Результаты исследования позволяют сделать вывод о существенном положительном влиянии своевременных градостроительных мер на экологическую ситуацию в городах. Statement of the problem. The problem of identifying the impact of urban planning activities on the environmental status of human settlements and finding ways to improve it by urban development measures is considered. Results. The dynamics of rural and urban populations has been investigated by means of the extrapolation method and the projections have been made. The hygienic requirements to the territorial planning have been determined. Causes and origins of the most common environmental problems of urban areas have been examined. The most urgent problems of cities, such as illegal dumps, infill development, high population density, reduction of urban green spaces, etc. were revealed. The activities for reducing the negative impact were proposed at both the legislative as well as executive levels. Conclusions. The findings of the study suggest that there is a significant positive impact of timely well-grounded urban planning measures on the ecological situation in cities.

Environmental policies, bases for territorial planning. An approximation to the study of the environmental policies of the European Union. Challenges and future perspectives

This work is aimed at analysing the functioning of the environmental policies of the European Union in order to address the use of these policies as well as the instruments to implement them, observing their efficacy to protect and preserve the environment in general and their particular social and human implications. First we will analyse international environmental policy, focusing on its consolidation through the creation of international organizations and treaties and on its theoretical background. Then, we will move forward to the development of environmental policy within the European Union, focusing on the functioning of this policy emphasizing its legal foundations on European Treaties. For this purpose we will analyse the principle of integration as well as the effectiveness of implementation regarding transposition of European law into national policy. We will also focus on the current situation of environmental policy within the Union going through the main innovations of the recent European Green Deal. Finally, some case studies will show us the reality of the European environmental policy and some of the challenges it will have to overcome in the near future. Through this work we will approach the repercussions the development of environmental policy has in international relations, paying special attention to its implications at supranational, national and regional scope within the European Union.

Geodesign as a support for proposing actions to fulfil the Sustainable Development Goals

This paper discusses the state of the art in Geodesign, as a result from the evolution in the use of geospatial data for shared and co-creative planning. The evolution of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) led to significant advances in geovisualization, the use of cartographic data via the Internet and the construction of SDIs (Spatial Data Infrastructures). These advances fostered the emergence of Geodesign as one of the foundations for territorial planning. The text will also introduce a Brazilian Geodesign platform, GISColab, developed according to the standards set by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). The platform introduces layer creation resources via WPS (Web Processing Service), as well as tools for measuring the performance of participatory planning workshops, presently focusing on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We introduce case studies in which SDGs were explored in different ways: in post-workshop analyses conducted by coordinators and participants, as well as its application as a supportive tool for decision-making during the workshop, via WPS. Finally, we also discuss the inclusion of SDGs to raise awareness of its key themes and support opinion building, resulting in transformative learning experiences.

Fragmentation of Coastal Grasslands by Plantations and Spontaneous Spread of Invasive Pines in the Southern Pampa

Coastal dunes of the southern Buenos Aires province, in Argentina, are one of the last remnants of biodiversity in the southern Pampa unit, within the Rio de la Plata Grasslands. While the direct loss of grasslands due to the advance of cities and afforestation is conspicuous, the negative effects of the subdivision of the remaining environments on biodiversity and ecosystem dynamics are less considered. Our work aimed to analyze the combined effect of fires and subdivision of grasslands by invasive alien trees. Our results suggest that fragmentation affects the resilience of coastal grasslands after fire and affects the course of succession, promoting the establishment of invasive alien plants. We also suggest that fires favor the advance of pines and acacias towards the interior of grassland remnants, further reducing their area. The effective conservation of the components of Pampas biodiversity that still persist in these coastal ecosystems will depend on preventing, mitigating and compensating the insularization effects associated with forest plantations and the expansion of invasive trees, by means of adequate territorial planning that allows remnants to be maintained in a good state of conservation.