Artykuł recenzyjny dotyczący książek:
Hann Chris, Bellér-Hann Ildikó 2020, Great Dispossession. Uyghurs between Civilizations, Halle Studies in the Anthropology of Eurasia, LIT Verlag, Berlin, Münster.
Sulek Emilia Roza 2019, Trading Caterpillar Fungus in Tibet. When Economic Boom Hits Rural Area, Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam.
Cordyceps militaris is an entomopathogenic ascomycete with similar pharmacological importance to that of the wild caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. C. militaris has attracted significant research and commercial interest due to its content in bioactive compounds beneficial to human health and the relative ease of cultivation under laboratory conditions. However, room for improvement exists in the commercial-scale cultivation of C. militaris and concerns issues principally related to appropriate strain selection, genetic degeneration of cultures, and substrate optimization. In particular, culture degeneration—usually expressed by abnormal fruit body formation and reduced sporulation—results in important economic losses and is holding back investors and potential growers (mainly in Western countries) from further developing this highly promising sector. In the present review, the main factors that influence the generation of biomass and metabolites (with emphasis on cordycepin biosynthesis) by C. militaris are presented and evaluated in conjunction with the use of a wide range of supplements or additives towards the enhancement of fungal productivity in large-scale cultivation processes. Moreover, physiological and genetic factors that increase or reduce the manifestation of strain degeneration in C. militaris are outlined. Finally, methodologies for developing protocols to be used in C. militaris functional biology studies are discussed.
The presence of the Chinese caterpillar fungus (CCF) depends on the
distribution of its host insects and host plants. However, its
distribution pattern in response to climate change and interspecific
relationships in geographical distribution is unknown. We used the
MaxEnt model to obtain areas suitable for the CCF, considering its host
insects and host plants under different historical climate backgrounds.
We then superimposed and analyzed them to explore the range shift in
response to climate change of Chinese caterpillar fungus based on
species redundancy. From the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to 2050, the
suitable distribution pattern of the CCF is estimated to change from
fragmentized to concentrated and connected. The high redundancy area
(HRA) continued to increase from the Middle Holocene (MH) to the present
and 2050, with an increased area of 31.46×104 km2. The suitable area
moved to the northwest and the total movement distance of its average
coordinates was about 500 km. The altitude of the suitable area
increased continuously from the LGM to the present and to 2050, and the
average altitude of HRA increased from 2740.89 m (LGM) to 4246.76 m
(2050). The distribution pattern and changes of CCF under different
climatic conditions provides a reference for the current and future
geographical regional planning for conservation and sustainable
utilization. The distribution pattern similarity of the CCF suitable
area, suitable area for host insects, and host plants HRA of
distribution area, might be the result of their long-term co-evolution.
The decreasing trend of CCF yield under human disturbance was not as
severe as expected, suggesting that climate change may be beneficial to
distribution expansion of the CCF.
Między sprawczością a wykorzenieniem. Etniczne reakcje na obrzeżach chińskiej hegemonii
