Supervisi Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru di SMA Kartika XIX-1 dan SMA PGII 2 Kota Bandung

Penelitian ini membahas hal yang berkaitan dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi supervisi akademik dengan program, sarana/prasarana, kurikulum dan SDM sebagai unsur instrumental input dan pengawasan/penilaian sebagai environmental input. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahi perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan kompetensi profesional guru. Landasan teologis dalam penelitian ini adalah Q.S. Al-Maidah : 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskrpitif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Perencanaan supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dengan pembuatan program supervisi dan jadwal supervisi serta pembinaan (2) Pelaksanaan supervisi akademik kepala sekolah dilaksanakan melalui kunjungan kelas dan supervisi akademik dilaksanakan secara rutin setiap tahun (3) evaluasi hasil supervisi akademik, kepala sekolah mengadakan pertemuan dengan guru yang bersangkutan untuk membicarakan hasil dari supervisi dan membicarakan rencana tindak lanjut kepada guru yang disupervisi. Simpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa dengan adanya supervisi akademik kepala sekolah, kompetensi profesional guru mata pelajaran dapat terlihat dari meningkatnya kemampuan penguasaan materi dan ilmu pengetahuan yang dapat di apikasikan didalam kelas sehingga dapat terciptanya pembelajaran yang menyenangkan dan kreatif sehingga tercapainya kualitas lulusan yang bermutu.

Critical Period Plasticity as a Framework for Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy

As psychedelic compounds gain traction in psychiatry, there is a need to consider the active mechanism to explain the effect observed in randomized clinical trials. Traditionally, biological psychiatry has asked how compounds affect the causal pathways of illness to reduce symptoms and therefore focus on analysis of the pharmacologic properties. In psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP), there is debate about whether ingestion of the psychedelic alone is thought to be responsible for the clinical outcome. A question arises how the medication and psychotherapeutic intervention together might lead to neurobiological changes that underlie recovery from illness such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This paper offers a framework for investigating the neurobiological basis of PAP by extrapolating from models used to explain how a pharmacologic intervention might create an optimal brain state during which environmental input has enduring effects. Specifically, there are developmental “critical” periods (CP) with exquisite sensitivity to environmental input; the biological characteristics are largely unknown. We discuss a hypothesis that psychedelics may remove the brakes on adult neuroplasticity, inducing a state similar to that of neurodevelopment. In the visual system, progress has been made both in identifying the biological conditions which distinguishes the CP and in manipulating the active ingredients with the idea that we might pharmacologically reopen a critical period in adulthood. We highlight ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) in the visual system as a model for characterizing CP in limbic systems relevant to psychiatry. A CP framework may help to integrate the neuroscientific inquiry with the influence of the environment both in development and in PAP.

Vast Topological Learning and Sentient AGI

A novel form of neurocomputing allows machines to generate new concepts along with their anticipated consequences, all encoded as chained associative memories. Knowledge is accumulated by the system through direct experience as network chaining topologies form in response to various environmental input patterns. Thereafter, random disturbances to the connections joining these nets promote the formation of alternative chaining topologies representing novel concepts. The resulting ideational chains are then reinforced or weakened as they incorporate nets containing memories of impactful events or things. Such encodings of entities, actions, and relationships as geometric forms composed of artificial neural nets may well suggest how the human brain summarizes and appraises the states of nearly a hundred billion cortical neurons. It may also be the paradigm that allows the scaling of synthetic neural systems to brain-like proportions to achieve sentient artificial general intelligence (SAGI).

Significance of Environmental Input Data in Risk Assessment Analyses

The environment is becoming more and more polluted [...]