epithelial integrity
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2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Katleen Martens ◽  
Ilke De Boeck ◽  
Katarina Jokicevic ◽  
Filip Kiekens ◽  
Ricard Farré ◽  
...  

Cell Reports ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 110187
Author(s):  
Johannes Westman ◽  
Jonathan Plumb ◽  
Anna Licht ◽  
Mabel Yang ◽  
Stefanie Allert ◽  
...  

BIOCELL ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
LUC虯 VELOZ ◽  
SANTIAGO A. BOSCH ◽  
GONZALO APARICIO ◽  
FLAVIO R. ZOLESSI

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigid Orr ◽  
Kate Sutton ◽  
Sonja Christian ◽  
Tessa Nash ◽  
Helle Niemann ◽  
...  

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium plays a variety of roles including providing an effective physical barrier and innate immune protection against infection. Two-dimensional models of the intestinal epithelium, 2D enteroids, are a valuable resource to investigate intestinal cell biology and innate immune functions and are suitable for high throughput studies of paracellular transport and epithelial integrity. We have developed a chicken 2D enteroid model that recapitulates all major differentiated cell lineages, including enterocytes, Paneth cells, Goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells and leukocytes, and self-organises into an epithelial and mesenchymal sub-layer. Functional studies demonstrated the 2D enteroids formed a tight cell layer with minimal paracellular flux and a robust epithelial integrity, which was maintained or rescued following damage. The 2D enteroids were also able to demonstrate appropriate innate immune responses following exposure to bacterial endotoxins, from Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis. Frozen 2D enteroids cells when thawed were comparable to freshly isolated cells. The chicken 2D enteroids provide a useful ex vivo model to study intestinal cell biology and innate immune function, and have potential uses in screening of nutritional supplements, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds.


2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kia Z. Perez-Vale ◽  
Kristi D. Yow ◽  
Ruth I. Johnson ◽  
Amy E. Byrnes ◽  
Tara M. Finegan ◽  
...  

Embryogenesis requires cells to change shape and move without disrupting epithelial integrity. This requires robust, responsive linkage between adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. Using Drosophila morphogenesis, we define molecular mechanisms mediating junction–cytoskeletal linkage and explore the role of mechanosensing. We focus on the junction–cytoskeletal linker Canoe, a multidomain protein. We engineered the canoe locus to define how its domains mediate its mechanism of action. To our surprise, the PDZ and FAB domains, which we thought connected junctions and F-actin, are not required for viability or mechanosensitive recruitment to junctions under tension. The FAB domain stabilizes junctions experiencing elevated force, but in its absence, most cells recover, suggesting redundant interactions. In contrast, the Rap1-binding RA domains are critical for all Cno functions and enrichment at junctions under tension. This supports a model in which junctional robustness derives from a large protein network assembled via multivalent interactions, with proteins at network nodes and some node connections more critical than others.


EBioMedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 103641
Author(s):  
Seo Young Kwak ◽  
Won Il Jang ◽  
Seungwoo Park ◽  
Sang Sik Cho ◽  
Seung Bum Lee ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Arash Alizadeh ◽  
Peyman Akbari ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
Johanna Fink-Gremmels ◽  
Saskia Braber

Author(s):  
Alzbeta Krausova ◽  
Petra Buresova ◽  
Lenka Sarnova ◽  
Gizem Oyman-Eyrilmez ◽  
Jozef Skarda ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Bock ◽  
Bertha C. Elias ◽  
Xinyu Dong ◽  
Diptiben V. Parekh ◽  
Glenda Mernaugh ◽  
...  

A polarized collecting duct (CD), formed from the branching ureteric bud (UB), is a prerequisite for an intact kidney. The small Rho GTPase Rac1 is critical for actin cytoskeletal regulation. We investigated the role of Rac1 in the kidney collecting system by selectively deleting it in mice at the initiation of UB development. The mice exhibited only a mild developmental phenotype; however, with aging, the CD developed a disruption of epithelial integrity and function. Despite intact integrin signaling, Rac1-null CD cells had profound adhesion and polarity abnormalities that were independent of the major downstream Rac1 effector, Pak1. These cells did however have a defect in the WAVE2–Arp2/3 actin nucleation and polymerization apparatus, resulting in actomyosin hyperactivity. The epithelial defects were reversible with direct myosin II inhibition. Furthermore, Rac1 controlled lateral membrane height and overall epithelial morphology by maintaining lateral F-actin and restricting actomyosin. Thus, Rac1 promotes CD epithelial integrity and morphology by restricting actomyosin via Arp2/3-dependent cytoskeletal branching.


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