Pengetahuan Masyarakat dalam Melakukan Rekonstruksi Rumah Tinggal Pasca Gempa di Kabupaten Donggala

Gempa adalah suatu kejadian alam yang tidak bisa dihindari mengakibatkan banyaknya bangunan yang rusak, konstruksi bangunan memainkan peran penting dalam proses pembangunan disetiap daerah, dalam hal ini pengetahuan masyarakat saat membangun kembali rumah sangat penting untuk diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi pengetahuan masyarakat dalam melakukan rekonstruksi rumah tinggal pasca gempa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara penyebaran kuesioner kepada masyarakat yang terdampak bencana khususnya di Desa Marana sebanyak 80 kepala keluarga. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif, uji reliabilitas, Relative Rank Index (RRI) dan korelasi Spearman’s Rho. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel dominan masyarakat dalam melakukan rekonstruksi rumah tinggal adalah mengetahui cara memperbaiki tulangan pada dinding pemikul dengan nilai RRI sebesar 0,820, mengetahui cara memperbaiki tulangan pada kolom dengan nilai RRI sebesar 0,800, mengetahui jenis campuran untuk kolom dengan nilai RRI sebesar 0,780, mengetahui perbandingan campuran beton untuk kolom dengan nilai RRI sebesar 0,760, mengetahui tulangan yang baik digunakan untuk kolom dengan nilai RRI sebesar 0,740. Adapun hubungan antara variabel dominan tertinggi adalah perilaku masyarakat dalam mengetahui cara memperbaiki tulangan pada dinding pemikul berkorelasi dengan mengetahui cara memperbaiki tulangan pada kolom, memperoleh nilai tertinggi yaitu 0,672 termasuk kedalam kriteria korelasi kuat.

SVD Entropy Reveals the High Complexity of Ecological Networks

Quantifying the complexity of ecological networks has remained elusive. Primarily, complexity has been defined on the basis of the structural (or behavioural) complexity of the system. These definitions ignore the notion of “physical complexity,” which can measure the amount of information contained in an ecological network, and how difficult it would be to compress. We present relative rank deficiency and SVD entropy as measures of “external” and “internal” complexity, respectively. Using bipartite ecological networks, we find that they all show a very high, almost maximal, physical complexity. Pollination networks, in particular, are more complex when compared to other types of interactions. In addition, we find that SVD entropy relates to other structural measures of complexity (nestedness, connectance, and spectral radius), but does not inform about the resilience of a network when using simulated extinction cascades, which has previously been reported for structural measures of complexity. We argue that SVD entropy provides a fundamentally more “correct” measure of network complexity and should be added to the toolkit of descriptors of ecological networks moving forward.

On relative ranks of finite transformation semigroups with restricted range

UDC 512.5 We determine the relative rank of the semigroup of all transformations on a finite chain with restricted range modulo the set of all orientation-preserving transformations in Moreover, we state the relative rank of the semigroup modulo the set of all order-preserving transformations in In both cases we characterize the minimal relative generating sets.

Communities Moving Ahead, Falling Behind: Evidence from the Index of Deep Disadvantage

Using a multidimensional index weighting factors related to income, health, and social mobility—the Index of Deep Disadvantage (IDD)—we rank the well-being of disadvantaged U.S. counties (initial scores below the median IDD) when they were on the cusp of the Great Recession and then again well into the recovery. We compare the characteristics of counties that saw improvements to those that saw declines. We find that a clear majority of counties were stable in relative rank. Counties showing improvement tended to have been worse off prerecession than counties where well-being declined. Improving counties were less likely to be urban, tended to have smaller fractions of the population identifying as Black and larger fractions as white, and had a lower proportion of jobs in manufacturing. Stable counties were, on average, the worst off pre-recession and thus remained the worst off near the end of the recovery. All county groups improved in income and employment through the recovery, but these advances were not consistently associated with gains in other areas such as incidence of low-weight births.

Why Does Construct Validity Matter in Measuring Implementation Fidelity? A Methodological Case Study

In reading intervention research, implementation fidelity is assumed to be positively related to student outcomes, but the methods used to measure fidelity are often treated as an afterthought. Fidelity has been conceptualized and measured in many different ways, suggesting a lack of construct validity. One aspect of construct validity is the fidelity index of a measure. This methodological case study examined how different decisions in fidelity indices influence relative rank ordering of individuals on the construct of interest and influence our perception of the relation between the construct and intervention outcomes. Data for this study came from a large State-funded project to implement multi-tiered systems of support for early reading instruction. Analyses were conducted to determine whether the different fidelity indices are stable in relative rank ordering participants and if fidelity indices of dosage and adherence data influence researcher decisions on model building within a multilevel modeling framework. Results indicated that the fidelity indices resulted in different relations to outcomes with the most commonly used fidelity indices for both dosage and adherence being the worst performing. The choice of index to use should receive considerable thought during the design phase of an intervention study.

Learning from Feedback: Evidence from New Ventures*

This article studies how early-stage entrepreneurs respond to negative feedback about the quality of their ventures. We use data from new venture competitions, some of which privately inform founders of their relative rank. The empirical strategy compares lower and higher ranked losers across competitions in which they did and did not observe their standing. Receiving negative feedback increases average venture abandonment by 13%. Differences in responsiveness—for example, in venture risk, venture maturity, and signal precision—are consistent with particular theories about entrepreneurship, including the importance of experimentation.

Application of diameter distribution model for volume estimation in Tectona grandis L.f. stands in the Oluwa forest reserve, Nigeria

The ability to predict the distribution of diameters in a stand is essential for forest managers to make informed management decisions such as prescription of silvicultural treatments and harvesting regimes. Such information is preferably derived from suitable distribution model. This study evaluated the performance of four distribution models in describing the structure of the teak stands in Oluwa Forest Reserve, Nigeria. Data were collected from 12 temporary sample plots of 20 × 20 m size in the teak stand. Maximum likelihood estimator was used to fit the distribution models: beta, gamma, Johnson SB, and Weibull to the diameter data from the teak stand. Relative rank-sum derived from four indices was used to conclude on the most suitable distribution for the stand. The results showed that the Weibull distribution was the most suitable function for the teak stand with a relative rank-sum of 4.0. Application of Weibull distribution together with suitable height-diameter and volume models estimated yield of 136.281 m3 ha-1 within timber size class (diameter ≥30 cm). And a total of 309.640 m3 ha-1 was estimated for the stand. Other product specifications were also provided. This would help in the routine management of the stand.

On Relative Ranks of the Semigroup of Orientation-Preserving Transformations on Infinite Chains

In this paper, we determine the relative rank of the semigroup [Formula: see text] of all orientation-preserving transformations on infinite chains modulo the semigroup [Formula: see text] of all order-preserving transformations.

SVD entropy reveals the high complexity of ecological networks

Quantifying the complexity of ecological networks has remained elusive. Primarily, complexity has been defined on the basis of the structural (or behavioural) complexity of the system. These definitions ignore the notion of 'physical complexity', which can measure the amount of information contained in an ecological network, and how difficult it would be to compress. We present relative rank deficiency and SVD entropy as measures of 'external' and 'internal' complexity respectively. Using bipartite ecological networks, we find that they all show a very high, almost maximal, physical complexity. Pollination networks, in particular, are more complex when compared to other types of interactions. In addition, we find that SVD entropy relates to other structural measures of complexity (nestedness, connectance, and spectral radius), but does not inform about the resilience of a network when using simulated extinction cascades, which has previously been reported for structural measures of complexity. We argue that SVD entropy provides a fundamentally more 'correct' measure of network complexity and should be added to the toolkit of descriptors of ecological networks moving forward.