Global Energy Poverty: Nigeria as a Case Study

The deplorable condition of energy supply and distribution, generally called vitality neediness has been distinguished as one noteworthy failure militating against the satisfaction of Nigeria's objective of achieving financial improvement. The objectives of this study are to identify the challenges that limit the development and accentuate the stagnancy and near decline in Nigeria's energy sector. AmartyaSen's Capability approach was the theory that provided the framework for the study. The comfort examining the system, purposive inspecting procedure and the arbitrary determination method were utilized. The purposive examining strategy was utilized to choose five (5) respondents from the best administration staff of the power segment for the inside and out meetings, while the random sampling technique was utilized in selecting discussants for the Focus Group Discussions. Findings revealed that that the pervading challenges that impede the development of the electricity sector in the country are the insufficient financial capacity to purchase huge power generating sets or maintain the existing ones, the commercial unavailability of the electricity sector that renders it unattractive to prospective investors, consumers' unwillingness to pay for electricity units at cost-reflective prices. In conclusion, the findings of research indicate that energy poverty possesses an adverse effect on both individual and economic well-being of the nation. The study recommends that more funding, both from private individuals and government is required to enhance electricity generation, transmission and distribution in the country. It also recommends a revitalization of the country's electricity sector, to make it more commercially viable and attractive to an investor.

Acquisition of the counting principles during the subset-knower stages: Insights from children’s errors

Studies on children’s understanding of counting examine when and how children acquire the cardinal principle: the idea that the last word in a counted set reflects the cardinal value of the set. Using Wynn’s (1990) Give-N Task, researchers classify children who can count to generate large sets as having acquired the cardinal principle (cardinal-principle-knowers) and those who cannot as lacking knowledge of it (subset-knowers). However, recent studies have provided a more nuanced view of number word acquisition. Here, we explore this view by examining the developmental progression of the counting principles with an aim to elucidate the gradual elements that lead to children successfully generating sets and being classified as CP-knowers on the Give-N Task. Specifically, we test the claim that subset-knowers lack cardinal principle knowledge by separating children’s understanding of the cardinal principle from their ability to apply and implement counting procedures. We also ask when knowledge of Gelman & Gallistel’s (1978) other how-to-count principles emerge in development. We analyzed how often children violated the three how-to-count principles in a secondary analysis of Give-N data (N = 86). We found that children already have knowledge of the cardinal principle prior to becoming CP-knowers, and that understanding of the stable-order and word-object correspondence principles likely emerged earlier. These results suggest that gradual development may best characterize children’s acquisition of the counting principles, and that learning to coordinate all three principles represents an additional step beyond learning them individually.

The algebraic solvability of the novel lamplighter puzzle

In this study, the group of finite cyclic lamplighter states is reinterpreted as the novel lamplighter puzzle. The rules of the puzzle are outlined and related back to properties of the lamplighter group with specific interest placed upon the discussion of which puzzle instances are solvable. The paper shows that, through the use of algebra, many puzzle instances can be identified as solvable without the use of an exhaustive search algorithm. Solvability depends upon the creation of irregular generating sets for subgroups of the finite cyclic lamplighter group and the cosets formed by these subgroups. Further possible generalizations of the lamplighter puzzle are also discussed in closing.

Polynomial Invariants of the Euclidean Group Action on Multiple Screws

<p>In this work, we examine the polynomial invariants of the special Euclidean group in three dimensions, SE(3), in its action on multiple screw systems. We look at the problem of finding generating sets for these invariant subalgebras, and also briefly describe the invariants for the standard actions on R^n of both SE(3) and SO(3). The problem of the screw system action is then approached using SAGBI basis techniques, which are used to find invariants for the translational subaction of SE(3), including a full basis in the one and two-screw cases. These are then compared to the known invariants of the rotational subaction. In the one and two-screw cases, we successfully derive a full basis for the SE(3) invariants, while in the three-screw case, we suggest some possible lines of approach.</p>

Polynomial Invariants of the Euclidean Group Action on Multiple Screws

<p>In this work, we examine the polynomial invariants of the special Euclidean group in three dimensions, SE(3), in its action on multiple screw systems. We look at the problem of finding generating sets for these invariant subalgebras, and also briefly describe the invariants for the standard actions on R^n of both SE(3) and SO(3). The problem of the screw system action is then approached using SAGBI basis techniques, which are used to find invariants for the translational subaction of SE(3), including a full basis in the one and two-screw cases. These are then compared to the known invariants of the rotational subaction. In the one and two-screw cases, we successfully derive a full basis for the SE(3) invariants, while in the three-screw case, we suggest some possible lines of approach.</p>

Electrical power supply consumption in education sector and energy audit: Case study of University of Jos

Electricity supply has been identified as the key constraint to industrialization and economic development in Nigeria. The unbundling of the power sector was aimed at boosting electricity supply, this effort has yielded some appreciable results, but not very significant. As a result of the low power generation and distribution, Nigeria’s federal government is working towards solving the prevailing problems of inadequate power in some key sectors by building power generating plants in some of the institutions of learning in the country. This paper looks at the determinants of electrical energy consumption and electrical energy audit, a case study of the University of Jos. The load profiles demand survey, load demand forecast and other important factors were investigated. The result revealed that there is available power of 22–23 hours from the national grid and the balance 1–2 hours of power is supplied by the generating sets, good savings in the cost of diesel and maintenance. An annual excess of 2,199,900 kWH is enjoyed by the university over the national per capita power consumption.

Universal gates with wires in a row

We give some optimal size generating sets for the group generated by shifts and local permutations on the binary full shift. We show that a single generator, namely the fully asynchronous application of the elementary cellular automaton 57 (or, by symmetry, ECA 99), suffices in addition to the shift. In the terminology of logical gates, we have a single reversible gate whose shifts generate all (finitary) reversible gates on infinitely many binary-valued wires that lie in a row and cannot (a priori) be rearranged. We classify pairs of words u, v such that the gate swapping these two words, together with the shift and the bit flip, generates all local permutations. As a corollary, we obtain analogous results in the case where the wires are arranged on a cycle, confirming a conjecture of Macauley-McCammond-Mortveit and Vielhaber.

Classifying finite monomial linear groups of prime degree in characteristic zero

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime and let [Formula: see text] be the complex field. We explicitly classify the finite solvable irreducible monomial subgroups of [Formula: see text] up to conjugacy. That is, we give a complete and irredundant list of [Formula: see text]-conjugacy class representatives as generating sets of monomial matrices. Copious structural information about non-solvable finite irreducible monomial subgroups of [Formula: see text] is also proved, enabling a classification of all such groups bar one family. We explain the obstacles in that exceptional case. For [Formula: see text], we classify all finite irreducible subgroups of [Formula: see text]. Our classifications are available publicly in Magma.

Analysis of Operational Effi ciency of the Proposed Propulsion Systems for Selected Large RoPax Vessel

This paper presents the characteristics of ferry shipping with particular emphasis on large RoPax vessels operating in the Baltic Sea. A critical review of main propulsion system used on large RoPax ferries has been done. Optimal propeller parameters and required brake power have been estimated on the basis of total resistance of bare hull and appendages approximated according to Holtrop-Mennen method. Main engines and generating sets have been selected for minimized fuel consumption approximated with quadratic regression. Operational parameters and costs of analysed large RoPax main propulsion systems have been compared.