Analysis of the Demand for Berries in Mexico: An Application of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) Model

Objective: To identify the factors affecting the demand for berries in Mexican households, as well as the behavior in face of variations in economic income. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to analyze the demand, microdata were used from the National Income-Expenditure Survey of Households 2018 (Encuesta Nacional Ingreso Gasto de los Hogares, ENIGH) from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática, INEGI), and for its modelling the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model was used. Results: Because of their Marshallian elasticity, berries are an elastic good (-1.0316), and because of their expenditure elasticity they are a luxury good (1.0691). In terms of crossed Marshallian elasticities, sweet fruits and sugary beverages were identified as substitute goods with elasticity of 0.0013 and 0.0380, respectively, while semi-acid fruits and melons would be complementary goods, with elasticities of -0.0191 and -0.0184, respectively. Study Limitations/Implications: Given that most of the time series of the berries lack disaggregation and sufficient information, it is difficult to analyze each component of the group separately; therefore, it was decided to analyze the group of berries and its relationship with other goods; in addition, the ENIGH database was selected, which provides more information. Conclusions: There are state differences in the response to changes in prices and income with regard to the demand for berries, so that facing a generalized increase in household income consumption would increase much more in the center of the country than in the south-southeast.

Posisi Kopi Robusta Indonesia di Pasar Jerman Menggunakan Metode Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System

Indonesia is one of the top coffee producers in the world. The major markets for Indonesian coffee are European Union (EU), then Germany is the largest importing country. This research analyzed the position for Indonesian robusta coffee in Germany among Vietnam and India as the major producers of robusta coffee as Indonesia. The econometric model of the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System was used to estimate a position for Indonesian robusta coffee among its competitors. The analysis utilized time-series data from 1996 to 2017. The results of the study showed that the main exporting countries, including Indonesia, tended to have lower import tariffs than other countries, not the main exporters. The demand for imported coffee beans was generally influenced by the prices of major exporters, but demand for imported roasted coffee was not affected by the prices of major importing countries. Indonesian coffee beans in the German market was elastic, while roasted coffee was inelastic. Indonesian coffee competed with Vietnam both for coffee beans and roasted coffee. The expenditure elasticity of Indonesian coffee beans was positive and Indonesian roasted coffee was negative.

Analisi Pola Konsumsi Pangan Pokok Rumah Tangga di Indonesia Tahun 2000-2014

Pangan merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Selain kontribusinya yang besar terhadap Produk Domesti Bruto, pangan juga berkaitan dengan kesejahteraan, kemiskinan dan standar hidup bagi masyarakat Indonesia sehingga perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat dapat mengubah perekonomian Indonesia dan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi pangan di Indonesia menggunakan data pooled cross section dengan rentang waktu antara tahun 2000 hingga 2014. Metode yang digunakan adalah Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh beras. Perubahan pendapatan maupun perubahan harga komoditas lebih responsif pada rumah tangga miskin dimana ketika terjadi kenaikan pendapatan persentase konsumsi mereka akan meningkat, dan ketika terjadi kenaikan harga komoditas akanmenurunkan konsumsi mereka secara besar-besaran.