Does Damage from Natural Disaster Affect Child Labor? Evidence from Indonesia

Disasters, both natural and non-natural, can cause a severe impact on every life aspects in a country, including the economic aspect. In Indonesia, as a reaction of deteriorating economic conditions caused by disasters, households are often forced to adjust the declining of their real income by taking out their children from school thereby they can send them to work as a household buffer to shocks. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the natural disaster damage on the number of child labor and the differences of these impacts between urban and rural areas. By using cross section data from the fifth wave Indonesia Family Life Survey collected in 2014, we find that there is a positive relation between the natural disaster damage and the number of child labor, and then a significant difference between impacts in urban and rural areas. Policy implications of the findings are provided.

Meningkatkan Daya Saing UMKM di Era New Normal Melalui Pendekatan Analytic Network Process (ANP)

Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi bagi UMKM di Priangan Timur dalam beradaptasi di kondisi new normal saat ini maupun dalam jangka panjang. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif dengan pendekatan Analytic Network Process kepada akademisi, praktisi, peneliti, dan regulator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua masalah utama daya saing UMKM, yaitu dari sisi internal terkait tingkat kemampuan yang rendah dalam penggunaan teknologi dan dari sisi eksternal terkait daya beli masyarakat yang menurun. UMKM perlu mengoptimalkan penggunaan internet dalam melakukan pemasaran dan bekerja sama dengan penyedia aplikasi pemasaran online. Diperlukan juga komitmen dan kolaborasi yang baik antara pemerintah, akademisi, lembaga keuangan, dan perusahaan teknologi informasi untuk meningkatkan daya saing UMKM.

COVID-19 Pandemic and MSMEs in Indonesia: Impact and Policy Responses

Since the first confirmed case of COVID-19 infection in Indonesia in March 2020, the pandemic has hit the economy hard, especially the Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to analyze the extent of the impact of the pandemic on MSMEs and the effectiveness of the government policy measures. Primary data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 2,535 MSMEs in 17 provinces during July–September 2020. The results show that MSMEs already suffered revenue slump within the second month of the pandemic and encountered both financial and non-financial hardships. The government supports and assistance was perceived as very helpful to mitigate the impact of the pandemic by the recipients. However, the programs’ distribution was hampered by either mis-targeting or lack of socialization regarding applicationrequirements, procedures and registration location. The policy, academic and managerial implications of the findings are provided.

Disparitas Harga Pangan Strategis Sebelum dan Saat Pandemi COVID-19

This study aims to compare the variability and convergence of strategic food prices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The weekly prices data of 9 food commodities in 34 provinces during 2019 and 2020 was used. The price variability and convergence are analyzed using the coefficient of variation and dynamic data panel, respectively. The result showed that the rice, beef, red chilies, chicken meat, and chicken eggs experienced a decrease in price variability while sugar, shallots, garlic, and cayenne pepper exhibited the opposite. Prices movement among regions tends to show increasing price variability, with the exception of chicken eggs. Some efforts such as supply management through structuring production over time, efficiency of distribution between regions is imperative to stabilize food prices. Besides, efforts such as a market contract system, warehouse receipt systems and strengthening Local Government-Owned Enterprise for food supply management are crucial.Keywords: horticulture; convergence; dynamic panel data; variability AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan variabilitas dan konvergensi harga pangan strategis sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah harga mingguan 9 komoditas pangan di 34 provinsi selama 2019 dan 2020. Variabilitas dan konvergensi harga dianalisis menggunakan koefisien variasi dan data panel dinamis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beras, daging sapi, cabai merah, daging ayam, dan telur ayam mengalami penurunan variabilitas harga, sedangkan gula, bawang merah,bawang putih, dan cabai rawit mengalami sebaliknya. Pergerakan harga antar wilayah menunjukkan variabilitas harga yang cenderung meningkat, kecuali harga telur ayam. Beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk menstabilkan harga pangan adalah manajemen pasokan melalui penataan produksi antar waktu dan efisiensi distribusi antar daerah. Selain itu, sistem kontrak pemasaran, sistem resi gudang, dan penguatan Badan Usaha Milik Daerah untuk pengelolaan pasokan makanan sangatlah penting.

Ketahanan Entrepreneur Perempuan pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

The outbreak of Covid-19 has weakened the performance of micro businesses, especially micro scale women entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs implement various measures to sustain their businesses through the pandemic. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the performance of micro businesses in the city of Manado, North Sulawesi Province. The study uses the sample of 30 micro businesses collected through questionnaires, observations, and interviews with women entrepreneurs with stratified random sampling technique. The collected data was then analyzed with SmartPLS 3.0 M3. The results found that trust and networks have significant influences on the performance of micro businesses during the crisis. The findings imply that businesses need to establish strong relationships with customers as a mean to building trust and networking to enable businesses to survive in the midst of a crisis. In addition, businesses should also improvise their products in times of crisis to maintain the cash flow.Keywords: women entrepreneur; business performance; trust; smartPLS AbstrakPandemi Covid-19 telah menghambat produktivitas usaha di sektor mikro, tidak terkecuali para pelaku usaha perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja usaha sektor mikro di Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel yang dipilih secara acak yang terdiri dari 30 pelaku usaha mikro perempuan. Data dianalisis menggunakan SmartPLS 3.0 M3, setelah melalui prosespenyebaran kuesioner, observasi, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa faktor kepercayaan (trust) dan jaringan (network) memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja usaha mikro di masa krisis. Kedua faktor ini sangat penting karena kepercayaan dan jaringan memberikan kemampuan bagi pelaku usaha untuk tetap bertahan di masa krisis. Selain itu, pelaku usaha juga sebaiknya melakukan improvisasi atas produknya dimasa krisis untuk menjaga kelancaran arus kas.

The Usage of Economic Position in Understanding Indonesia’s Economy and the Pandemic Effects

Before the global pandemic hit the economy in 2020, Indonesia had experienced two contractions in 1963 and 1998. These contractions come with hyperinflation, while the recent contraction of 2020 has not. This paper attempts to analyse the C-19 pandemic 2020 effects on the economy, which generates contraction but has a low inflation rate. On the opposite, the Asian Financial Crises (AFC) of 1998 caused negative economic growth andskyrocketing inflation. This paper applied descriptive data analysis and showed that the AFC affected the aggregate supply while the pandemic impacted the aggregate demand. This paper offers the usage of the proportion of inflation rate and economic growth rate and the annual sectoral growth rate comparison to describe Indonesia’s economic position and the pandemic effects.

Analisi Pola Konsumsi Pangan Pokok Rumah Tangga di Indonesia Tahun 2000-2014

Pangan merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Selain kontribusinya yang besar terhadap Produk Domesti Bruto, pangan juga berkaitan dengan kesejahteraan, kemiskinan dan standar hidup bagi masyarakat Indonesia sehingga perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat dapat mengubah perekonomian Indonesia dan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi pangan di Indonesia menggunakan data pooled cross section dengan rentang waktu antara tahun 2000 hingga 2014. Metode yang digunakan adalah Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh beras. Perubahan pendapatan maupun perubahan harga komoditas lebih responsif pada rumah tangga miskin dimana ketika terjadi kenaikan pendapatan persentase konsumsi mereka akan meningkat, dan ketika terjadi kenaikan harga komoditas akanmenurunkan konsumsi mereka secara besar-besaran.

The Importance of eWOM Elements on Online Repurchase Intention: Roles of Trust and Perceived Usefulness

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of online review elements, including electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) quantity, credibility, and quality, on customer’s online repurchase intention through the mediating roles of online seller trust and perceived usefulness of the website. A partial least square (PLS) based structural equation modeling (SEM) was chosen to evaluate the measurement of research constructs and test the research hypotheses. This research uses data collected through online questionnaires in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The respondents’ criterion was college students who had read online recommendations before making purchases on Bukalapak.com, an e-commerce platform in Indonesia. The results suggest that the credibility and quality of eWOM have a positive direct effect on consumers’ repurchase intention, while the eWOM quantity has a negative influence on repurchase intentions. The eWOM credibility and quality indirectly influence repurchase intentions through trust in the online vendor. The perceived usefulness of the websiteonly mediates the influence of eWOM quality on online repurchase intention. Limitations and further research were also discussed.

Peran Perceived Effectiveness of Escrow Services terhadap Satisfaction dan Trust pada E-Commerce di Indonesia

Keadaan pandemi COVID-19 mendorong masyarakat untuk berbelanja dari rumah dengan menggunakan e-commerce. Faktor kepuasan dan kepercayaan konsumen merupakan dua faktor kunci dalam meningkatkan penetrasi e-commerce. Guna meningkatkan kepercayaan dan kepuasan konsumen, pengelola e-commerce menawarkan jasa escrow dalam memproses pembayaran yang dilakukan pada platform e-commerce. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan penelitian kuantitatif non-probability dengan mengumpulkan data melalui kuisioner dan analisis data menggunakan metode moderated regression analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepuasan yang dirasakan oleh responden terhadap pembelian sebelumnya dapat mempengaruhi kepercayaan konsumen terhadap penjual. Variabel perceived effectiveness of escrow services mampu memoderasi hubungan antara variabel kepuasan dan kepercayaan.

Pengaruh Pemilikan Aset Teknologi Informasi dan Telekomunikasi terhadap Kemiskinan Rumah Tangga Tani

Pengurangan prevalensi kemiskinan pada rumah tangga pertanian adalah kunci untuk mewujudkan angka kemiskinan nasional menjadi satu digit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh pemilikan aset teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi (TIK) terhadap kemiskinan rumah tangga tani di pedesaan Indonesia. Kemungkinan terjerumus ke dalam kemiskinan dianalisis dengan menggunakan model probabilitas logit, dan media transmisi dampak diuji dengan fungsi pengeluaran menggunakan data BPS-Susenas 2017. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aset penghidupan yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap kemungkinan rumah tangga tani keluar dari kemungkinan masuk ke dalam kemiskinan ialah akses terhadap teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi digital.