The Influence of Product Quality and Price on Customer Loyalty of Telkomsel Users through Customer Satisfaction in Medan City

In this modern era, technology has become something that can be found in almost every part of our daily life. Even in today's era the use of technology is difficult to keep away from human life. With these technological developments and changes, technology is increasingly becoming more effective and efficient. One of them in the development of technology in terms of communication and information. Mobile phones are complementary goods where mobile phones must be equipped with a cellular operator. So the increasing use of mobile phones, the more users of cellular operators will also increase. This increase was also followed by the number of providers in Indonesia, one of which is PT Telkomsel. Today's customers easily switch to competing products if the products and services used by consumers are no longer attractive in the minds of consumers. The factors that influence loyalty are satisfaction, product quality and price. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of product quality and price through customer satisfaction on customer loyalty of Telkomsel users. This type of research is associative research and the population in this study is Telkomsel users whose number is unknown. The sampling method used is accidental sampling. Data analysis was carried out through PLS-SEM using the SmartPLS program. Keywords: Product Quality, Price, Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty.

Enforced specialization fosters mutual cheating and not division of labour in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A common way for bacteria to cooperate is via the secretion of beneficial public goods (proteases, siderophores, biosurfactants) that can be shared among individuals in a group. Bacteria often simultaneously deploy multiple public goods with complementary functions. This raises the question whether natural selection could favour division of labour where subpopulations or species specialise in the production of a single public good, whilst sharing the complementary goods at the group level. Here we use an experimental system, where we genetically enforce specialization in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa with regard to the production of its two siderophores, pyochelin and pyoverdine, and explore the conditions under which specialization can lead to division of labour. When growing pyochelin and pyoverdine specialists at different mixing ratios in various iron limited environments, we found that specialists could only successfully complement each other in environments with moderate iron limitation and grow as good as the generalist wildtype but not better. Under more stringent iron limitation, the dynamics in specialist communities was characterized by mutual cheating and with higher proportions of pyochelin producers greatly compromising group productivity. Nonetheless, specialist communities remained stable through negative frequency-dependent selection. Our work shows that specialization in a bacterial community can be spurred by mutual cheating and does not necessarily result in beneficial division of labour. We propose that natural selection might favour fine-tuned regulatory mechanisms in generalists over division of labour because the former enables generalists to remain flexible and adequately adjust public good investments in fluctuating environments.

Analysis of the Demand for Berries in Mexico: An Application of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) Model

Objective: To identify the factors affecting the demand for berries in Mexican households, as well as the behavior in face of variations in economic income. Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to analyze the demand, microdata were used from the National Income-Expenditure Survey of Households 2018 (Encuesta Nacional Ingreso Gasto de los Hogares, ENIGH) from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática, INEGI), and for its modelling the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model was used. Results: Because of their Marshallian elasticity, berries are an elastic good (-1.0316), and because of their expenditure elasticity they are a luxury good (1.0691). In terms of crossed Marshallian elasticities, sweet fruits and sugary beverages were identified as substitute goods with elasticity of 0.0013 and 0.0380, respectively, while semi-acid fruits and melons would be complementary goods, with elasticities of -0.0191 and -0.0184, respectively. Study Limitations/Implications: Given that most of the time series of the berries lack disaggregation and sufficient information, it is difficult to analyze each component of the group separately; therefore, it was decided to analyze the group of berries and its relationship with other goods; in addition, the ENIGH database was selected, which provides more information. Conclusions: There are state differences in the response to changes in prices and income with regard to the demand for berries, so that facing a generalized increase in household income consumption would increase much more in the center of the country than in the south-southeast.

Demand and supply: the price mechanism in a market economy.

This chapter discusses the theories of demand and supply, including the factors affecting the demand for commodities (the price of the commodity itself, the incomes of consumers, the price of competitive (or substitute) goods, the price of complementary goods, and the tastes of consumers) as well as the factors affecting supply (the price of the good, the prices of other goods that firms could produce or do produce, the prices of factors of production, the state of technology, and the goals/objectives of firms). The significance of the price and income elasticities of demand to the agricultural sector is highlighted.

Platform Competition: A Systematic and Interdisciplinary Review of the Literature

Over the past three decades, platform competition—the competition between firms that facilitate transactions and govern interactions between two or more distinct user groups who are connected via an indirect network—has attracted significant interest from the fields of management and organizations, information systems, economics, and marketing. Despite common interests in research questions, methodologies, and empirical contexts by scholars from across these fields, the literature has developed mostly in isolated fashion. This article offers a systematic and interdisciplinary review of the literature on platform competition by analyzing a sample of 333 articles published between 1985 and 2019. The review contributes by (a) documenting how the literature on platform competition has evolved; (b) outlining four themes of shared scholarly interest, including how network effects generate “winner-takes-all” dynamics that influence strategies, such as pricing and quality; how network externalities and platform strategy interact with corporate-level decisions, such as vertical integration or diversification into complementary goods; how heterogeneity in the platform and its users influences platform dynamics; and how the platform “hub” orchestrates value creation and capture in the overall ecosystem; and (c) highlighting several areas for future research. The review aims to facilitate a broader understanding of the platform competition research that helps to advance our knowledge of how platforms compete to create and capture value.

Distribution Contract Analysis on e-Platform by Considering Channel Role and Good Complementarity

Although suppliers can sell their goods on e-retailers’ e-platforms through either a wholesale or agency contract, suppliers that produce complementary goods and have different channel roles have been confused as to how to choose an optimal distribution contract. This paper aims to study this problem by considering the combined impacts of suppliers’ channel roles, e-retailer’s referral fees, goods’ differences in the level of complementarity and goods’ differences in potential demand. Our results show that, regardless of one supplier’s distribution contract choice, the other supplier always prefers agency contract, which is independent of two suppliers’ channel roles, the e-retailer’s referral fees, two goods’ differences in the level of complementarity and two goods’ differences in the potential demand. Moreover, when two suppliers use different distribution contracts to sell goods with different levels of complementarity on the same e-retailer’s e-platform, low-complementarity goods have a larger optimal retail price only if the two goods’ differences in the level of complementarity are sufficiently high, and the supplier can obtain more profits by producing low-complementarity goods regardless of the supplier’s distribution contract and channel role.

The role of complementarity of goods in a mixed bundling strategy

This paper studies optimal pricing when a monopolist firm produces two complementary goods and may undertake a bundling strategy. To do so, a modified version of Yan and Bandyopadhyay’s (2011) framework is used, in which the efficacy of the bundling strategy depends positively on the degree of complementarity of goods. Two main results are obtained. First, mixed bundling turns out to be the optimal strategy for the firm, since it yields higher profits than pure unbundling and pure bundling. Second, sales and profits from the bundling (unbundling) strategy increase (decrease) as the products become more complementary, which entails an empirically sensible behavior.

IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF SOME DETERMINING FACTORS IN THE CONSUMER DEMAND FOR APPLES IN THE TIRANE AREA

Knowing consumer preferences on the demand of different products is the key to success for different businesses. Different customers have different preferences regarding the demand for goods and services. Factors affecting demand determine the quantity required for a good. Some of these factors are: sales price, consumer income, consumer preferences, consumer forecasts for the future, substitute and complementary goods prices, etc. By knowing and analyzing these factors well we are able to determine consumer choices for goods and services. In this paper we will analyze how some of the factors determining demand affect apple consumption. The study refers to a survey conducted for casual consumers in the Tirane area on the preferences and quantities consumed by this product.