Peningkatan karakter demokratis melalui Traditional Enggo Group Play Therapy pada anak usia TK

Karakter demokratis perlu ditumbuhkan sejak usia dini karena merupakan pondasi awal terhadap kepribadiannya di masa yang akan datang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu menjelaskan langkah-langkah Traditional Enggo Group Play Therapy dan untuk menjabarkan hasil peningkatan karakter demokratis anak usia Taman Kanak-kanak melalui Traditional Enggo Group Play Therapy. Metode penelitian menggunakan participatory action research. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat peningkatan karakter demokratis anak, baik dari skor observasi dan angket, maupun analisis dokumentasi, catatan lapangan, dan wawancara. Dari data observasi, skor pra tindakan dua, sedangkan skor pada pertemuan keenam di siklus II adalah tujuh. Dari data angket, terdapat peningkatan jumlah anak yang memilki karakter demokratis, mulai dari 33% dari lima belas anak pada pra tindakan, hingga 93% pada siklus II. Hal ini berarti, Traditional Enggo Group Play Therapy dapat meningkatkan karakter demokratis anak usia Taman Kanak-Kanak.

Effect of Group Play Therapy on Emotional/Behavioral Problems of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Aged 6-12 Years

Objective: One of the most significant issues in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is emotional/behavioral problems, which disrupt their social communication at home and school. Some of these problems include social problems, rule-breaking behavior, and aggressive behavior. These problems, if left untreated in childhood, can cause problems in adulthood such as substance abuse, insubordination in the workplace, shorter stay at a job, and more anti-social acts. Nowadays, the use of play therapy for children with ADHD has become common. It is an active approach that allows the children to express their feelings through play. In group play therapy, children are asked to evaluate their personality according to their peers’ reactions. The study investigates the effect of group play therapy on emotional/behavioral problems in children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. Materials & Methods: This is a randomized controlled trial. The study population consists of all children with ADHD referred to the Dostdaran Koodak Occupational Therapy Clinic in Isfahan City, Iran. Of these, 28 children aged 6-12 years (average age: 8 years), including 8 girls and 20 boys, were selected using a convenience sampling technique. First, the study objective was explained to the parents, and children were then randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. Considering error (d)=3, with 95% confidence level and 80% test power, the sample size was determined 14 for each group. The intervention group received 12 sessions of group play therapy (2 sessions per week, each for 45-60 minutes), besides two sessions of individual occupational therapy per week. However, the control group received two sessions of occupational therapy per week only. The emotional/behavior problems of subjects in both groups were assessed before and after the intervention using the CBCL. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V. 21 software using the Shapiro-Wilk test and ANCOVA. Results: After the group play therapy, there was a significant decrease in the scores of emotional/behavioral problems, including social issues, aggressive behavior, and rule-breaking behavior, as well as in the overall score (P˂0.001). Conclusion: Group play therapy can be used as a complementary method with other common occupational therapies for reducing the emotional/behavioral problems in children with ADHD.

Group Play Therapy for Preadolescents: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder of Natural Disaster Victims in Indonesia

Background: This study was motivated by the failure of coping and adaptation to traumatic experiences that cause a wide, deep, and long-term snowball effect that may not be reversible. Objective: This study aims to test the effectiveness of the implementation of group play therapy in dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) victims of natural disasters in three provinces in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: The study employed an explanatory mixed methods design. The procedures and steps taken in this study refer to the research and development cycle. The subjects and objects of the study were 106 male and 92 female preadolescent students of junior high school in three provinces in Indonesia. Results: Traumatic counselling through group play therapy techniques has the effect of reducing post-traumatic stress disorder on victims of the tsunami disaster in three provinces in Indonesia. The first study conducted in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara province obtained the results of the calculation of the value μ2 = 0.021 for the value of μ1> 0.05. The second study in Palu, Central Sulawesi Province obtained the results of the calculation of the value of μ2 = 0.018 for the value of μ1> 0.05, and the third study in Anyer, Banten province obtained the results of the calculation of the value of µ2 = 0.011 for the value of µ1 > 0.05. Conclusion: Teaching and practising the skills of traumatic counselling using using Group Play Therapy can handle PTSD victims of natural disasters that significantly change victims.