A Comparative Study of Playing Patterns on Gambang and Ranat Ek Instruments

Gambang Semarang is one of Indonesia’s traditional music which has an instrument made of wood, namely gambang (xylophone). Thai Pi Phat Ensemble has a Gambang-like instrument called Ranat Ek. In the presentation, each of these instruments certainly has a playing pattern that is characteristic of the music itself. This study aims to identify and describe the pattern of traditional music playing in the Gambang Semarang, especially the Gambang instrument and the traditional music of Thai Pi Phat Ensemble, especially the Ranat Ek instrument. The research method used is qualitative with a musicological approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by using observation, interviews, document studies, and Focused Group Discussions. Data analysis was carried out with the stages of data reduction, data classification, and concluding. The results show that the playing pattern of the Gambang instrument in the Gambang Semarang music contains two types of playing patterns, namely sekaran Nglagu and cengkok ajeg. While the playing pattern of the Ranat Ek instrument in the Pi Phat Ensemble consists of kan ti kro, kan ti kep, kan ti siao mue, kan ti sado, and kan ti sabat. The two instruments have similarities and differences in playing patterns which are most likely due to differences in functions and roles in group play.

Efektivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Curcuma aeruginosa terhadap Patogenisitas Colletotrichum capsici pada Tanaman Cabai Merah (Antifungi Effectivity of Curcuma aeruginosa Extract to Colletotrichum capsici Pathogenicity on Red Chilli Pepper)

<p>Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum capsici masih menjadi penyakit utama yang menyerang buah cabai merah. Selama ini, penggunaan Curcuma aeruginosa sebagai antimikrobe patogen penyebab penyakit pada manusia lebih populer daripada sebagai antimikrobe fitopatogen. Rimpang Curcuma diketahui mengandung senyawa volatil/atsiri dan nonvolatil. Potensi senyawa volatil/atsiri Curcuma sebagai antimikrobe telah banyak dilaporkan, namun masih sangat terbatas untuk senyawa nonvolatilnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas antifungi senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak C. aeruginosa terhadap C. capsici pada buah cabai merah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2014 hingga Mei 2015 di Universitas Brawijaya. Senyawa nonvolatil didapatkan dengan merendam rimpang C. aeruginosa menggunakan pelarut metanol kemudian didistilasi menggunakan rotary vacuum evaporator dan diidentifikasi menggunakan HPLC. Efektivitas antifungi senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa diuji secara in vitro dan in vivo di laboratorium menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan yaitu konsentrasi senyawa nonvolatil terdiri atas 0 (kontrol), 4, 6, 8, 10, dan 12 ppm. Senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa sangat efektif menghambat pertumbuhan C. capsici baik secara in vivo maupun in vitro di laboratorium bahkan konsentrasi 12 ppm menunjukkan persentase penghambatan antraknosa hingga 100%. Hasil identifikasi HPLC menunjukkan bahwa senyawa nonvolatil dari ekstrak rimpang C. aeruginosa mengandung kelompok Curcuminoid yang terdiri atas curcumin dan demethoxycurcumin yang berperan sebagai antifungi sehingga sangat berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai fungisida nabati.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Antraknosa; Cabai merah; C. aeruginosa; Senyawa nonvolatil</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici is still as major disease against chilli pepper fruit. During this time, utilization of C. aeruginosa as pathogen antimicrobial caused disease to human is more popular than to crops. Curcuma has been known containing volatile and nonvolatile compound. Potential of volatil compound from Curcuma as antipathogen has been reported widely, nevertheless it is still limited known for nonvolatile compound. This research aimed to understand the antifungi effectivity of nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract to C. capsici on chilli pepper fruit. Research was conducted in November 2014 to Mei 2015. Nonvolatile compound was obtained by soaking C. aeruginosa rhizome into methanol solvent then distilated using rotary vacuum evaporator and identified with HPLC instrument. Antifungi effectivity of nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract was experimented by in vitro and in vivo test using Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Treatments tested were various concentrations of nonvolatile compound namely 0 (control), 4, 6, 8,10, and 12 ppm. Nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract was highly effective to inhibit growth of C. capsici by both in vitro and in vivo test. HPLC identification result showed nonvolatile compound from C. aeruginosa extract contains Curcuminoid group play role as antifungi.</p>

New Avenues in Copper-Mediated Trifluoromethylation Reactions Using Fluoroform as the CF3 Source

Organic molecules containing the trifluoromethyl (CF3) group play a vital role in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials. New trifluoromethylation methods should encompass capabilities to address issues in efficiency, selectivity and CF3 source all at once. Fluoroform (CF3H), an industrial byproduct, has emerged as an attractive CF3 source. The reaction profile of the [CuCF3] reagent derived from fluoroform has surpassed its original applications in cross-coupling type trifluoromethylation. We have discovered a host of unique copper-mediated trifluoromethylation reactions using [CuCF3] from fluoroform, especially under oxidative conditions, to deliver efficient and selective synthesis of trifluoromethylated compounds.

Y–Z IN THE LABOUR MARKET: EMPLOYEE PERCEPTIONS IN DIFFERENT CULTURES (HUNGARY–PAKISTAN)

Research on generations examine and analyse the similarities and differences between various age groups, and their opportunities for cooperation in the labour market, from various perspectives. According to the research, the behaviour and preparedness of each generation are different, the coordination and proper management of which poses challenges for all organisations. This is especially true when staff from national cultures with very distant values work together. The recognition of this problem was the pretext to the present research. The aim of the research is to examine the perception of the under 30 age group socialised and employed in two largely different cultures (Hungarian–Pakistani). Contrary to our assumption, the results of the quantitative research based on an online questionnaire confirm that the respondents do not perceive differently the behaviour, attitudes, expectations regarding work, workplace and employers of Pakistani and Hungarian young people at work. Employers’ perceptions of this age group play a significant role in choosing the tools that affect their retention in the workplace. In this respect, the employees of the studied cultures find similar solutions expedient.

Spatializing kinship

This paper explores children’s language socialization into kin-based peer relationships in Amdo, Tibet. I examine spontaneous interactions in one extended family to show how children link place and kinship using spatial deixis, the grammatical system that encodes context-dependent reference to location, in Amdo Tibetan. I analyze uses of spatial deixis in two interactive routines: (1) peer-group play, and (2) children’s scaffolding of infants’ roles in multiparty participation frameworks. I argue that children use their emerging deictic repertoires to ‘spatialize kinship,’ mapping kinship relations onto the immediate spaces of co-present interactions as well as the enduring places of the village’s geography. Previous studies have noted that culturally specific forms of relationality influence adults’ uses of deixis by shaping the pragmatics of interactive settings. Building on these insights, the data from Amdo demonstrate the need to consider cultural associations between place and kinship when examining the acquisition of deixis in early childhood.

The Importance of pupils social-emotional development

The article discusses the importance of the pupil’s social-emotional development, which includes the formation of the cgild’s personal qualities and relationships with people. Positive relationships between teacher and pupil form a solid foundation for learning and development.The teacher takes care of the pupils to form a positive attitude with him, to create an emotionally safe, evalution-free environment, which is an important condition for learning and research, and to help them form correct, positive perceptions of themselves, their abilities and competencies. The emotional well-being of pupils at the elementary level, then further learning and development, is mainly conditiones by the relationship with the adults.A positive emotional atmosphere in the group is created by a relationship based on respect, the acceptance of each pupil. It is manifested in the attention and attention of the adult toweards the pupil.Social-emotional skills are vital for the proper development of a person and their relationship to the environment. Children need recognition and a sense of belonging the most. The neglected pupil feels as if they are not being noticed. Often bad behavior is an attempt to somehow notice. A pupil who has no attachment to an adult may gradually become alienated, disobedient, or excluded.Emotional skills training programs can be developed in a structured or semi-structured way. In a positive social-emotional environment, everyone feels like a member of the group. Contrary to popular belief, diversity is respected. There is an emotional connection with the elders. Pupil have friends in the group. Play in a group, resolve conflicts through negotiation.The more teachers work on social-emotional skills, the sooner pupils develop and apply it in life, pupil will be able to manage emotions and solve problems effectively.

COVID-19 Outcomes in Minority Ethnic Groups: Do Obesity and Metabolic Risk Play a Role?

Purpose of Review Globally, minority ethnic groups have been at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality and morbidity than majority populations. This review outlines factors that may interact to create these inequalities and explores the hypothesis that differing levels of cardio-metabolic risk, according to ethnic group, play a role. Recent Findings Two UK Biobank studies have reported that the body mass index is more strongly associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and mortality in minority ethnic populations than in White populations. A study of UK patients found that the strongest association between obesity and adverse COVID-19 outcomes was in people of Black ethnicity. Summary Differences in the prevalence of obesity and its metabolic sequelae have been shown to partly mediate ethnic inequalities in COVID-19 outcomes, although not always consistently. It is possible that ethnic differences in the consequences of obesity may explain some of the remaining disparity in COVID-19 risk.

Video Game Addictive Symptom Level, Use Intensity, and Hedonic Experience: An Empirical Analysis of a Novel Survey Instrument (Preprint)

UNSTRUCTURED We conducted a survey of 835 individuals who regularly play video games to determine the relationship between Video Gaming (VG) intensity of use and hedonic experience of the user. We divide the sample into four quartiles by self-reported VG addictive symptom level (from the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale) and conduct polynomial regressions separately for each quartile. We find that the higher VG addictive symptom level groups experience a U-shaped (curvilinear) relationship between hedonic experience and intensity of play, whereas groups with lower VG addictive symptom levels exhibit no such relationship. Due to sensitization and tolerance, we conclude that high-symptom groups experience frustration and disappointment until achieving excessive dopamine release, at which point their hedonic experience improves in additional play. Conversely, low-symptom groups experience no such fall-and-rise pattern. Members of the latter group play the game for the direct experience; therefore, their hedonic experience is more directly related to events occurring in the game than to the increasingly-elusive pursuit of excessive dopamine release. We also find that high-symptom groups spend substantially more time and money to support VG use and are much more likely to engage in VG use at the expense of other important activities, such as work, sleep, and eating.