The use of digital filtration methods in AGV laser navigation systems

Recognition of the surroundings of automated guided vehicles (AGV) is one of the basic factors ensuring their proper movement in the field. The aim of the article is to present the use of a laser scanner to locate the position of objects in the vehicle's surroundings as well as to present the results of simulation of the analyzed methods of filtering the measurement results.

Functional configuration of intelligent system: serial data scaling in its paths

Problems of architectural and functional construction and a heterogeneous network structure of intelligent control system of technological and industrious assignment have been considered. Complex research of the intelligent system is based on the modern paradigm of convergence of technical, algorithmic and software solutions. The concept of convergence of system solutions in the technology of construction of intelligent systems presupposes digitizing of physical values at sensor measurements, as well as uniform depiction and successive conversion of values of each controlled parameter with a certain set of scales. For solution of this task a functionally full set of scales; natural values of measured physical parameters; results of sensor conversions of physical values; results of parameters measurement in the format of integer valued binary codes; parameter values in the format of real scaled binary numbers were proposed. Unified algorithms of digitizing results of direct measurements of continuous parameters and their representation in the format of ρ-bit integer valued binary codes, as well as conversions of measured parameters in the format of real scaled binary numbers and their depiction in the scale of natural values of physical parameters were built with this set of scales. Operations with digitized physical parameters were specified in tracts of the intelligent system: calibration of results of indirect measurements; digitizing of discrete sensor signals; digital filtration of measurement results; adjustment of measuring tracts; intellect control of executive mechanisms. The consequence of application of convergence provisions is similarity of morphological construction, as well as schematic uniformity of implementation of information processes and cycles of control in the systems. The results of analysis of the functional construction of the intelligent system may be used, for example, for construction of hybrid systems of industrial automation.

Digital Compensation of a Resistive Voltage Divider for Power Measurement

The paper presents a method for digital compensation of the ratio and phase angle errors of a resistive voltage divider. The system consists of a separate electrical circuit of a resistive divider, and a digital compensation system based on National Instruments (NI) PCI eXtension for Instrumentation (PXI) PXI-5922 digital acquisition cards (DAQ). A novel approach to the real-time compensation is presented, using digital signal processing. The algorithm is based on Wiener filtering and finite-impulse-response (FIR) filters. The proposed digital compensation, using FIR digital filtration and NI PXI DAQs, gives maximum magnitude error below 400 ppm and the phase angle error below 4500 μrad, in the frequency band 50 Hz–100 kHz. The algorithm allows the fine-tuning of the compensation to adjust to the possible change in the original transfer function due to the aging of the components.

Reduced hardware costs with software and hardware implementation of digital methods multistage discrete Fourier transform on programmable logic devices

Let us consider questions, which are connected to the research of terms of hardware and software implementation digital signal processing (DSP) methods. Theoretical basis of this research are methods of non-recursive difference of digital filtration with integer difference coefficients different orders of difference and methods of multistage discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based on such digital filtration. The purpose of the study is the research and formalization of necessary and sufficient condition of lowering hardware costs in hardware and software implementation of methods multistage DFT of digital signals on programmable logic devices (PLD). For reaching the research goal there are used methods of direct search and comparative analysis of results of such realization of methods of multi-stage DFT of digital multi-band signals, while filtering these signals, which are based on their non-recursive difference digital filtering with integer difference values coefficients and different orders of magnitude of difference. There are described abilities and specialties of PLD, which are built using architecture of a coarse-grained or fine-grained architecture or using combined architecture, which connects the convenience of implementing digital processing algorithms signals on the basis of tables of code conversion and reconfigurable memory modules. It is clear that a necessary and sufficient condition of lowering hardware costs in terms of hardware and software realization of methods for multi-stage DFT of digital signals on PLD is the triviality of meanings of integer difference coefficients of a non-recursive difference digital high difference orders’ filtration, which ensure this information. There is mentioned a formula, which allows making such condition. The practical significance of the research results consists of defining the necessary and sufficient condition of lowering hardware costs in terms of hardware and software implementation on PLD methods of multi-stage DFT signals based on their non-recursive digital difference filtering with integer values differential coefficients of various orders of magnitude difference. The novelty of research results lies in formalization of this condition. The reliability of the research results confirms their compliance with the results of well-known developments of DSP methods.