Comparative leaf blade anatomy and micromorphology in the systematics and phylogeny of Bambusoideae (Poaceae: Poales)

Leaf blade anatomical and micromorphological data have increasingly proved to be useful in the systematics and phylogeny of Bambusoideae. The presence of well-developed, asymmetrically strongly infolded mesophyll cells (arm cells) as seen in cross-section is regarded a synapomorphy for bamboos, whereas many well-known, widely used features for diagnosing groups remain to be formally tested in a comprehensive phylogenetic framework. In this review, we investigate the use of anatomical and micromorphological features in defining and delimiting minor and major groups in Bambusoideae. A general description of the leaf blade as seen in cross-section and surface view is provided for the subfamily, as well as features commonly found in the three currently recognized tribes (Arundinarieae, Bambuseae and Olyreae) and their subtribes. Some features, including midrib vasculature, fusoid cells and stomatal apparatus, are discussed in the light of systematic and phylogenetic perspectives, along with a clarification of terminology. Illustrations of relevant features are also provided. This review allowed us to elucidate anatomical and micromorphological features useful in defining and delimiting lineages but also to highlight some research priorities in Bambusoideae.

Accelerated Method for Surface View Factor Evaluation Based on Error Estimation

An algorithm for choosing the number of quadrature nodes before calculation of a view factor is proposed. Simple criterion is introduced that allows one to estimate the error in the computed view factor. The algorithm allows one to save much computation time by always using the minimum number of nodes for each pair of surface zones and insures a desired accuracy. The algorithm is applied for model of a continuous furnace and is compared with a standard method which uses predefined number of nodes at each surface. The proposed algorithm is many times faster and also more accurate than the standard one.

Cypsela morphology in the genus Nolletia (Asteraceae, Astereae) and a revision of the genus

The genus Nolletia has never been revised. There is no key available to all the species, making identification extremely difficult and resulting in misidentifications. For only a few species there are fairly comprehensive species descriptions available. A complete revision of the genus was undertaken, a key to all the species was drawn up, full descriptions were made and distribution maps were provided. Five new species were described: N. annemarieae, N. annetjieae, N. vanhoepeniae, N. jeanettae and N. welmaniae. One southern African species (N. arenosa) is synonymized under N. chrysocomoides. The genus could be divided into two groups on the grounds of the cypsela morphology: one group has oblong epicarpic cells arranged in parallel rows, seen in surface view, while the other group has circular to elliptic epicarpic cells, seen in surface view. One species was reported to be poisonous to stock. It was previously identified as N. gariepina but is described here as one of the new species, N. vanhoepeniae.

Indication of Machining Area with the Robot's Camera Using

Paper presents the robot equipped with the tool to surface machining. To recognize the machining area USB camera mounted to robots wrist was used. Possibilities of using surface view to self programming the surface finishing were shown. Special PC control system of industrial robot was used.