Morphological Analysis of Nose in Patients of Tessier No. 0 Cleft With a Bifid Nose in China

Objective: Facial cleft involves complex malformations. No study assessed the facial deformity of Tessier No. 0 cleft with a bifid nose. Thus, we used anthropometric measurements to access the nose in patients.Methods: A total of 24 bifid nose deformities underwent surgery at our institution between 2010 and 2019. Standardized photographs were taken preoperatively and postoperatively. Landmarks were identified on these images; measurements for nasal analysis were performed and compared with the established Chinese norms. Surgical method differences were also analyzed.Results: The median follow-up time was 2.51 years. Postoperatively, there is a significant difference in comparison with preoperative in the nasal index, medial canthus and nose width index, nasolabial angle, nasofacial angle, ala length and nasal bridge length index, nasal tip protrusion and nasal width index, and nasal width and ala length index. Furthermore, the medial canthus and nose width index, and nasal width and ala length index were significantly larger in ordinary people, while ala length and nasal bridge length index and nasal tip protrusion and nasal width index were smaller. After surgery, most angles and index were standard except the nasolabial angle in the females, and ala length and nasal bridge length index in the males. Moreover, as for the group of costal cartilage transplantation, most index and angles have improved after surgery including nasolabial angle, nasofacial angle, ala length and nasal bridge length index, nasal tip protrusion and nasal width index, and nasal width and ala length index. However, only nasal tip protrusion and nasal width index, columella length and nasal tip protrusion index, and nasal width and ala length index in the silicone prosthesis group implantation has significance. Costal cartilage transplantation can also better improve ala length and nasal bridge length index than the silicone prosthesis implantation.Conclusion: Most defects can be repaired with surgery, but the outcome has a lack of evaluation. Thus, anthropometric assessment can serve as a material for nasal and reconstructive surgery.

Evaluating the Effect of the Silicone Prosthesis on the Photon Dose Distribution in Radiation Therapy of Breast Cancer

Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women which in some cases is followed by breast reconstructions. The objective of the experimental study is to investigate the effect of the silicone prosthesis implementation on the dose distribution of radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Initially CT images of 7 mastectomy breast patients with silicone prosthesis were imported to the Monaco treatment planning system. A treatment plan consisting of two tangential photon fields with a prescription dose of 50Gy was arranged. To study the effect and water equivalency of silicone prosthesis, dose distribution of treatment plan was acquired in two conditions: 1) considering the real electron density of silicone prosthesis; 2) modifying (Relative electron density) RED of silicone prosthesis to 1 to virtually assume it as soft tissue (water). The results were then compared by VeriSoft software to evaluate the gamma index. Results: The obtained results indicated that the RED for the silicon prosthesis varies between 0.7 and 1.14 while the RED for soft tissue is approximately 1. Also, the Dose-volume histogram curves for both conditions indicated that the minimum and maximum differences ranged from 1% to 4%. The significant differences might be due to the presence of the air cavity or bubbles in the silicone prosthesis implementation or air voxels between prostheses and soft tissue. Conclusion: The obtained results showed that if there is no air cavity in silicone prosthesis and the surgery is performed in a way that no volume of air is left between the prosthesis and breast tissue, the effect and presence of silicone prosthesis will be similar to soft tissue (water).

Augmentation mammoplasty: how it is done, recovery and frequent questions.

Cosmetic surgery to insert silicone prosthesis may be indicated when the woman has very small breasts, is afraid of not being able to breastfeed, has noticed a reduction in their size or has lost a lot of weight. But it can also be indicated when a woman has breasts with different sizes or needed to remove the breast or part of the breast due to cancer. This surgery can be done from the age of 15 with parental permission, and is performed under general anesthesia, taking about 45 minutes, and can be with a short hospital stay of 1 or 2 days, or even in an outpatient setting, when he is discharged on the same day.

Three-dimensional printing technologies in the fabrication of maxillofacial prosthesis: A case report

Purpose: Patients with maxillofacial deformities always seek for aesthetic prosthesis. Recently, three-dimensional printing technologies have been used for dental treatments on such patients. Case report: A 24-year-old man reported to the Department of Prosthodontics for replacement of his missing right ear induced by a trauma. A magnet-retained auricular prosthesis was planned for the patient. Three-dimensional scanning was performed on the healthy side by using a three-dimensional optical scanner and the data were mirrored. The mirrored image was then imported to a software and a virtual model of the future prosthesis was obtained for the defect side. A three-dimensional printer was used to fabricate a negative mold for the mirrored image by using additive manufacturing. Initially, an impression of the defect side was made; then, the cast model was obtained in a dental flask. Magnets of the prosthesis were inserted to the acrylic resin framework on the cast model. Room temperature vulcanized silicone elastomer was mixed and poured into the three-dimensionally fabricated mold. Then, the flask was placed over the negative mold firmly. After polymerization of the silicone, the auricular prosthesis was delivered to the patient and the patient was instructed to clean the prosthesis daily. Conclusions: Three-dimensional printing technology was used for the fabrication of the patient’s missing ear. This method eliminated the conventional laboratory steps and reduced the number of stages of the fabrication of a silicone prosthesis. The negative mold of the defect side allowed us a direct fabrication of the silicone prosthesis without a need for waxing or flasking procedures.