Colisão de Mundos: A Proteção Ambiental Internacional e a Cosmovisão Ameríndia l Clash of Worlds: The International Protection of the Environment and Amerindian Cosmovisions

O texto tem como finalidade analisar o sistema de proteção ambiental internacional. A abordagem compara três visões sobre o tema: a) a criada por Estados no âmbito da ONU, calcada no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável; b) uma visão crítica pós-estruturalista que desconstrói tal conceito; e c) a cosmovisão indígena brasileira sobre o meio ambiente. A intenção deste estudo é contrapor diferentes modos de concepção da natureza e suas implicações para a proteção ambiental. Portanto, pretende-se analisar a presença da visão indígena na Rio-92, a maior conferência sobre o tema. Para isso, lança-se mão de pesquisa bibliográfica e analisa-se a Carta da Terra - declaração de princípios éticos publicada na ocasião da Conferência Mundial dos Povos Indígenas sobre Território, Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento da Rio-92.Palavras-chave: Proteção ambiental; Cosmovisões ameríndias; DIP.ABSTRACTThis text aims to analyze the topic of environmental protection by comparing three visions about the theme. a) the one crafted by States within the UN system, based on the concept of “sustainable development”; b) a post-structuralist critical vision, which deconstructs that concept; and c) the Brazilian Amerindian cosmovisions over nature. This movement intends to contrast the different manners of conceiving nature and its consequences for environmental protection. So, the text seeks to assess the presence of the indigenous cosmovisions during the Earth Summit (1992), the most important summit on the topic. The research uses bibliographical research and a documental analysis of the Earth Charter of the Indigenous Peoples (a declaration of ethical principles published during the World Conference of Indigenous Peoples on Territory, Environment and Development, during the Earth Summit).Keywords: Environmental protection; Amerindian cosmovision; International law. Recebido em: 29/03/2021 | Aceito em: 05/08/2021.

Huerto Alegre: an ecocentric socio-educational experience as a critical practice of education for sustainable development

This paper explores the innovative socio-educational experience of Huerto Alegre (Spain), linking it to a critical perspective of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Going beyond the ‘pluralist practices’ associated with the ESD, our case study seeks to redefine ESD from a critical and ecocentric perspective within the context of the Earth Charter (EC). Huerto Alegre’s social-educational programme is aimed at children and young people with the objective of creating critical thinking and fostering connections between school and the natural environment by working collaboratively with teaching professionals. The methodology of the paper focuses on a content analysis of the centre’s key documents and on the narratives of students, in addition to an in-depth interview with its director. It also presents a critical reconstruction of the subject. This complements, and gives meaning to, the theoretical debates surrounding ESD — debates that call for structural changes to our current model of society.

Scientific data, ecological conversion and transformative affect

Scientific data supporting rational arguments for human-made causes of climate and environmental changes might be persuasive in some contexts. Law, policy, activism and The Earth Charter similarly appear insufficient to change attitudes and behaviours. Even biblical and theological arguments fail to move some Christians beyond apathy and climate denial. Decades of ecological theology and calls for ecological conversion suggest that appeals to reason and facts are limited without an affective epistemology that join knowledge and experience to produce worldview transformation through emotions, such as awe.Contribution: Departing from appeal to scientific data and arguments alone, the primary claim is that ecological conversion is not singularly a rational act. For broader engagement and action to mitigate climate and environmental degradation, experiential and affective encounter with nature promise wider participation and transformation.

Interview with Fritjof Capra | Entrevista com Fritjof Capra

Fritjof Capra, PhD., physicist and systems theorist, is a founding director of the Center for Ecoliteracy in Berkeley, California. He is a Fellow of Schumacher College (UK) and serves on the Council of Earth Charter International. Capra is the author of several international bestsellers, including “The Tao of Physics (1975), “The Web of Life” (1996), and “The Hidden Connections (2002). He is co-author, with Pier Luigi Luisi, of the multidisciplinary textbook, “The Systrems View of Life” (2014). Capra’s online course (www.capracourse.net) is based on his textbook.

ЗЕМЛЯ ЯК МАТРИЦЯ ЖИТТЄДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ЛЮДИНИ

The beginning of the XXI century is marked by a rethinking of many issues, one of which is the phenomenon of the earth. The latter was in the center of the discourse of socio-economic, socio-political, philosophical and environmental problems of our time. The history of mankind is the history of relations between the system «man – earth», characterized by ambivalence. Ukrainian philosophical paradigm has always gravitated to the space of human existence, actualizing the problem of human responsibility. However, it is the classics of Ukrainian literature that most acutely identified the problem of human relations with the earth.According to the analysis of scientific literature, the interaction of man and the earth is considered as a practical relationship, as a sacred relationship and as a condition for the formation of the worldview. These modes are considered in the plane of absolutization of the unit approach. The earth as a phenomenon is connected with the social and individual consciousness, but the earth is not considered as a socio-cultural phenomenon. This situation demonstrates the need for a polyparadigm methodology.More and more researchers note that the preservation of human existence can no longer be provided solely by increasing the material and technical base. It means that mankind should assimilate corresponding values of the attitude to the Earth. We are talking about overcoming the alienation of man from the earth as a consequence of the formation of technical civilization. One of the ways, according to the researchers, is the recognition of the sacred nature of the earth.The attitude of man to the earth as to his «body» is embodied in existentials: project, purpose, freedom, responsibility, hope, fear, etc. Architectonics of the earth is a symbol of the house where the person feels harmony with the world around. This approach overcomes the opposition of «man – earth/nature» and forms different models of human behavior. Man presents himself through the attitude to the earth: the processes of socialization, cultural identification, etc. It is the consideration of this principle that is an important methodological basis for the construction of a new system of interaction «man – earth». The destruction of this connection is felt by man at the level of existential experience. A striking example of the formation of a new paradigm of understanding the phenomenon of the Earth is the «Earth Charter». The earth appears as a multilevel phenomenon, where a person acts as a carrier of certain theoretical and practical ideas. At the same time, the earth is a space of human activity. The return to the categories of «beauty», «joy», «melancholy» indicates the beginning of the transformation of the paradigm of thinking. We witness the deviation from the idea of maximum benefit. These categories open new facets of earth existence and possibilities of their comprehension. Thus, turning to the metaphor «body» of the Earth outlines the possibility of creating an ontological image of the earth, and special attention is paid to the problem of actualization of those technologies corresponding to the essence of the earth.