Colisão de Mundos: A Proteção Ambiental Internacional e a Cosmovisão Ameríndia l Clash of Worlds: The International Protection of the Environment and Amerindian Cosmovisions

O texto tem como finalidade analisar o sistema de proteção ambiental internacional. A abordagem compara três visões sobre o tema: a) a criada por Estados no âmbito da ONU, calcada no conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável; b) uma visão crítica pós-estruturalista que desconstrói tal conceito; e c) a cosmovisão indígena brasileira sobre o meio ambiente. A intenção deste estudo é contrapor diferentes modos de concepção da natureza e suas implicações para a proteção ambiental. Portanto, pretende-se analisar a presença da visão indígena na Rio-92, a maior conferência sobre o tema. Para isso, lança-se mão de pesquisa bibliográfica e analisa-se a Carta da Terra - declaração de princípios éticos publicada na ocasião da Conferência Mundial dos Povos Indígenas sobre Território, Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento da Rio-92.Palavras-chave: Proteção ambiental; Cosmovisões ameríndias; DIP.ABSTRACTThis text aims to analyze the topic of environmental protection by comparing three visions about the theme. a) the one crafted by States within the UN system, based on the concept of “sustainable development”; b) a post-structuralist critical vision, which deconstructs that concept; and c) the Brazilian Amerindian cosmovisions over nature. This movement intends to contrast the different manners of conceiving nature and its consequences for environmental protection. So, the text seeks to assess the presence of the indigenous cosmovisions during the Earth Summit (1992), the most important summit on the topic. The research uses bibliographical research and a documental analysis of the Earth Charter of the Indigenous Peoples (a declaration of ethical principles published during the World Conference of Indigenous Peoples on Territory, Environment and Development, during the Earth Summit).Keywords: Environmental protection; Amerindian cosmovision; International law. Recebido em: 29/03/2021 | Aceito em: 05/08/2021.

Digital Earth: Prism of 2020

Through the prism of the 8th Digital Earth Summit and within the context of the disastrous 2020, this article addresses some of the issues and challenges that need to be addressed in Digital Earth Vision 2030. Some significant scientific aspects of the Digital Earth development are described and briefly discussed: the problem of providing a satisfactory definition of the Digital Earth and typology of different geospatial visualizations, the ambiguity between the concepts of Digital Earth and Digital Twins, the problems arising from the use of Digital Earth in sustainable development as well as the problem of using Digital Earth for natural and technological disasters prevention and mitigation. Attention is given to the use of Digital Earth in exploring the key challenge of 2020 – the COVID-19 pandemic. The possibility of using the Digital Earth as a tool for fundamental research is declared.

La oportunidad perdida para la gobernanza participativa y la sostenibilidad en el ámbito local: la Agenda 21

La Agenda 21 ha sido una de las iniciativas para promover el desarrollo sostenible que mayor acogida e implementación ha tenido a nivel internacional desde que se puso en marcha a partir de la Cumbre de la Tierra de 1992. Y una de sus principales características ha sido el llamamiento a la participación de la comunidad local. Se trataba, por tanto, de un dispositivo con un gran potencial para la gobernanza y gestión participativa, pero que, en muchos casos, no ha sido plenamente aprovechado. A pesar de ciertos logros importantes, se podría decir que se ha quedado en una ocasión perdida. Algunas de las razones para que la participación haya sido, en gran medida, una asignatura pendiente en los procesos de la Agenda 21 en entornos locales, se analizan en el presente artículo.Agenda 21 has been one of the initiatives to promote sustainable development and implementation greater acceptance internationally has had since it was launched from the Earth Summit 1992. And one of the main features of the Agenda 21 has been the call for participation of the local community. It was therefore a device with great potential for participatory governance and management but in many cases, has not been fully exploited. Despite some significant achievements, it has been a missed opportunity. Some reasons for participation have been largely a slope in the processes of Agenda 21 in local sites subject are discussed in this article.

THE SIGNIFICANT ROLE OF THE TOURISM IN ACHIEVING THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

As the United Nations General Assembly affirmed when announcing the adoption of 2017 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism for Development, tourism can contribute to all the three dimensions of sustainable development – economic, social and environmental – and each of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Not only does the sector spearhead growth, it also improves the quality of people’s lives. It can bolster environmental protection, champion diverse cultural heritage, and strengthen peace in the world. In this spirit, World Tourism Day 2017 presents a unique opportunity to raise awareness on the contribution of sustainable tourism for development among public and private sector decision-makers and the international community, while mobilizing all stakeholders to work together in making tourism a catalyst for positive change. Accounting for 7% of worldwide exports, one in eleven jobs and 10% of the world’s GDP, the tourism sector if well managed can foster inclusive economic growth, social inclusiveness and the protection of cultural and natural assets. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, is plan of action for the people, planet and prosperity. In accordance with paragraph 84 of the 2030 Agenda, Member States have decided that the High Level Political Forum shall carry out regular voluntary reviews of the 2030 Agenda which will include developed and developing countries as well as relevant UN entities and other stakeholders. The reviews were state-led, involving ministerial and other relevant high-level participants, and provide a platform for partnerships, including through the participation of major groups and other relevant stakeholders. Since the first United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 - known as the Earth Summit, it was recognized that achieving sustainable development would require the active participation of all sectors of society and all types of people. Agenda 21, adopted at the Earth Summit, drew upon this sentiment and formalized nine sectors of society as the main channels through which broad participation would be facilitated in UN activities related to sustainable development. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom, in the same time recognising that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development. All countries and all stakeholders, has committed that acting in collaborative partnership, will implement this plan.