Seasonal Distribution of the Radio Wave Refraction Index over the Territory of Buryatia

The values of the atmospheric refraction index N for ultra-short radio waves for the territory of Buryatia according to the data of meteorological stations were calculated. The monthly average values N contours maps for the central months of the seasons of 2020 were constructed. It is shown the humidity of Lake Baikal and the relief significantly influence N. On average, the values of the refractive index near the lake are 20–30 N-units higher. It is revealed the monthly average N values have maxima in winter and summer with minimums in spring and autumn, with the main maximum occurring in July.

Contribution of magnetic fabric to the knowledge of Mesozoic and Cenozoic kinematic evolution in the Central High Atlas

<p>Magnetic fabric has become a first-order tool for the study of the evolution of inverted sedimentary basins, as has been demonstrated in the last decade (García-Lasanta et al. 2018 and references therein). Its application is based on its broad and reliable applicability to characterize the structural context of a region where structural markers are often punctually located or scarce. Determining the contribution of basinal (extensional) and compressional (inversion) deformation to the total magnetic fabric is a major issue in understanding the internal deformation underwent by the basin fill.</p><p>The main goal of this work is to integrate the available data of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) performed during the last ten years in the Mesozoic series of the Central High Atlas. It has a total of 645 sites (7477 standard specimens), 484 of them (5657 standard specimens) are measured in the framework of the actual CGL2016-77560-C2-P research project (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation), and it has been integrated with 161 sites (1820 standard specimens) obtained in the precedent research projects (CGL2012-38481, CGL2009-08969 and CGL2009-10840). Samples were measured in a KLY3-S Kappabridge (AGICO) susceptometer at the Zaragoza University. Magnetic subfabric analysis were also done (AMS-LT and AARM) for representative selected sites, that allow us to identify anomalous fabrics. Magnetic carriers were determined by carrying out temperature-dependent susceptibility curves (from 40 to 700ºC) combining the susceptibility bridge with a CS-3 furnace, an also by means of the acquisition curves of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), backfield curves and hysteresis loops using a variable field translation balance MMVFTB at the Paleomagnetic Laboratory of the Burgos University. Rock magnetic experiments indicate the presence of paramagnetic behavior in most samples, the presence of magnetite as main ferromagnetic contribution, and of hematite in the red beds.</p><p>The application of the ASM has made it possible to obtain data of well-defined foliations and magnetic lines from the analysis of a large number of samples, and therefore representative of the Mesozoic rocks that emerge in the High Central Atlas. Viewing the data as a whole, magnetic ellipsoids can be divided into three main types depending on the orientation of the main axes, and can be related with the kinematic evolution of the Central High Atlas: 1) k<sub>min</sub> normal to bedding and sub-horizontal k<sub>max</sub> with a NW-SE main maximum, which is mainly associated with gentle synclines and can be related to Mesozoic extensional tectonic; 2) k<sub>int</sub> normal to bedding and sub-horizontal k<sub>max</sub> with a NE-SW main maximum, which can be interpreted as modified by compressional tectonics; 3) k<sub>max</sub> normal to bedding, which are located near thrust planes or near the core of narrow and tight anticlines and can be interpreted as related with transport direction or salt tectonics and re-tightening of structures. The predominance of one or another type of fabric varies spatially; so that in the Western and Eastern sectors type 1 fabric dominates (more tan 60% of the samples), whereas in the central sector this percentage  decreases to 48% of the samples.</p>

Comparison of lightning activity in the two most active areas of the Congo Basin

A comparison of the lightning activity in the two most active areas (Area_max for the main maximum and Area_sec for the secondary maximum) in the Congo Basin is made with data obtained by the WWLLN during 2012 and 2013. Both areas of same size (5° × 5°) exhibit flash counts in a ratio of about 1.32 for both years and very different distributions of the flash density with maximum in a ratio of 1.941 and 2.585 for 2012 and 2013, respectively. The diurnal cycle is much more pronounced in Area_max than in Area_sec with a ratio between the maximum and the minimum of 15.4 and 4.7, respectively. However, the minimum and maximum of the hourly flash rates are observed roughly at the same time in both areas, between 07:00 and 09:00 UTC and between 16:00 and 17:00 UTC, respectively. In Area_sec the number of days with very low activity (0–1000 flashes per day) is very large (164 days) and that with larger activity decreases very rapidly. In Area_max the number of day decreases more slowly and is larger for most of levels of lightning activity. The correlation at the daily scale between the lightning activity in Area_max and that in Area_sec is weak but positive. In summary, the thunderstorm activity in Area_sec is more variable at different scales of time (monthly and daily), in intensity and in location.

Feeding of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in the Okhotsk Sea in autumn

Feeding habits of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou in the Okhotsk Sea is investigated. Its main prey in fall season is fish, amphipods, and euphausiids. However, the diet composition depends on the area: for masu with size of 30-40 cm it is mainly fish in the biostatistical districts 8 and 11 and zooplankton in other areas; besides, the zooplankton prey is replaced by fish for elder and larger salmons. The stomach fullness has significant circadian rhythm with one main maximum (70-700 ‱) and one minor peak. The main maximum was observed at 21 o’clock in 2002 but at 15 o’clock in 2006 and at 18 o’clock in 2009 and 2015 (local time).

Über die Struktur von Si-, Ge-, Sn- und Pb-Schmelzen / Structure of Si-, Ge-, Sn-, and Pb-melts

The structure factors of the molten elements Si and Ge were determined by means of neutron diffraction. Together with the structure factors of molten Sn and Pb, taken from literature, specific variations in the run of the curves can be detected. Especially, a shoulder on the larger g-side of the main maximum becomes larger going from Pb to Si. A model is given which describes these melts as being composed of hard spheres and tetrahedra. The concentration of tetrahedra is evaluated

Atomic distribution in liquid helium

The angular distribution of intensity of X-radiation scattered by liquid helium has been investigated between 4⋅20 and 1⋅27°K. Liquid-ring diffraction patterns are obtained at all temperatures, with the main maximum at an angle of about 28⋅5°. The intensity distribution appears almost the same for all temperatures below 3°K; slight differences only are observable at 4⋅20°K. Detailed analyses have been made at 2⋅06 and 4⋅20° K, and the structure factors and atomic distribution functions deduced for these two temperatures.