Oral Hygiene Considerations in Adult Patients with Leukemia during a Cycle of Chemotherapy

The oral cavity is the place where the first symptoms of systemic diseases may appear. Leukemia is the malignancy of the hematopoietic system in which abnormal leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow and these cells spread to the peripheral blood. It is classified clinically on the basis of the duration and nature of the disease (acute or chronic), the type of cell involved (myeloid, lymphoid, or monocytes), and a rise in the number of abnormal cells in the blood. The study aimed to assess and compare the oral hygiene and periodontium status based on the indices in leukemic patients before and after one cycle of chemotherapy and whether the therapy had an impact on the change of these parameters. Dental indices used in clinical diagnostics were calculated: API (approximal plaque index), SBI (sulcus bleeding index), and CPI (community periodontal index). The research project was conducted at the Clinic of Hematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation of the Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Lublin. The target population consisted of 102 adults with leukemia who were over 18 years of age. The time since diagnosis of the disease ranged from 1 to 10 years. The data were evaluated in the Statistica 12 software with the respective tests. In the majority of patients, both before and after chemotherapy, improper oral hygiene and severe generalized periodontitis were confirmed. The cycle of chemotherapy that was used did not correlate with the change of patients’ oral hygiene and periodontium state. Unsatisfactory oral hygiene and periodontal health has to be addressed with urgent dental treatment to avoid systemic complications in leukemic patients.

Comparison of Oral Health Problems in Children: A Cross Sectional Survey in Pakistan

Aim: To determine and compare the oral health, in term of oral health, community periodontal and DMFT index, of primary and elementary school children. Subjects and method: In this study 694 students were examined for oral health. 347 students were from primary school whereas other half were from elementary school. The sample population was selected via a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using Simplified oral health index (OHI-s), community periodontal index (CPI) and decay missing Filled tooth (DMFT). Results: in the study 39(11.2%) of primary school students and 49(14.1%) of elementary school students have poor oral hygiene. Similarly among primary school students 62(17.9%) have bleeding gums and 30(8.6%) of the students have calculus teeth. Among elementary school students 74(21.3%) have bleeding gums and 40(11.5%) of the students have calculus teeth. Conclusion: In primary and elementary school students simplified oral health index and community periodontal index was satisfactory and no difference was observed whereas on the basis of decay missing Filled tooth index primary school students have low average score. Keywords: Oral health, school, children, cross sectional survey

Tooth Mobility Due to Chronic Periodontitis with Hypertension: A Cross Sectional Study

One of the non-communicable diseases that is becoming a very serious health problem today is hypertension which is known as the silent killer. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease associated with a small number of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. These gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have the opportunity to become systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and blood clotting problems. Cardiovascular diseases include coronary heart disease and hypertension. This study aims to analysis the relationship between tooth mobility due to chronic periodontitis and hypertension. Methods: analytic observational research with cross sectional design. The study was carried out on patients at the Dental Polyclinic of Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling technique, as many as 84 people. The independent variable in this study was tooth mobility due to chronic periodontitis, while the dependent variable was hypertension. Collecting data using a questionnaire, the OHI-S index examination sheet and the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data analysis using Kendall’s tau test. Results: the relationship between tooth mobility due to chronic periodontitis and hypertension showed that the p-value was 0.011 (p <0.05) Conclusion: there was a significant relationship between tooth mobility due to chronic periodontitis and hypertension.

Epidemiological methods used in the periodontal health research in military personnel: a systematic review

IntroductionPeriodontal disease is a prevalent pathology in military personnel worldwide. The objective is to analyse the methodological features of periodontal health research performed in military personnel in their home countries.MethodsA PRISMA systematic review of literature was carried out in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases on military periodontal health studies. Study design type, language, publication date, year, country, size and sample selection, age, sex, military, diagnostic procedure, examiners, periodontal, gingival and oral hygiene index were extracted.ResultsEighty-eight out of 5355 studies found were selected, published between 1921 and 2020, with samples ranging from 52 to 16 869 individuals, generally not randomised, and consisting mainly of men with a mean age of 25 years. Predominant studies were cross-sectional descriptive studies, carried out in the Army, on American military personnel, and in the English language. Most of the studies used the WHO periodontal probe handled by two or more examiners. The Löe and Silness gingival index and the Silness and Löe plaque index were the most used indexes to assess gingival condition and oral hygiene, respectively. Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs was the most widely used periodontal index.ConclusionsResearch on periodontal health carried out in military populations from the 1920s to the present has been performed from an almost exclusively descriptive approach. Issues such as the characteristics and representativeness of the samples, the epidemiological design and the different gingival-periodontal indexes used may limit the comparability of the study results.

TO STUDY THE CPITN INDEX IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS AND CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS OF MILD SEVERITY USING AN ADAPTOGEN-MODIFIED GEL

Актуальность постоянных научных исследований в области пародонтологии обусловлена большой частотой воспалительно-деструктивных заболеваний пародонта среди всех возрастных групп населения во всем мире. Лечение и профилактика данной патологии является одной из наиболее сложных и трудоемких в терапевтической стоматологии. На сегодняшний день существует множество лекарственных препаратов отечественного и зарубежного производства, предназначенных для лечения воспалительных заболеваний пародонта. Чаще всего в их состав входят антисептики, противовоспалительные компоненты, ферментные и витаминные препараты. Нехватка в составе данных лекарственных средств иммунокорригирующих препаратов и адаптогенов, в дальнейшем приводят к развитию частых рецидивов. Отсутствие комплексного подхода к лечению данных заболеваний не только приводит к длительному его течению, но и не редко приводит к хронизации процесса, что явилось предпосылкой для исследования влияния стоматологического геля, модифицированного адаптогеном на ткани пародонта при лечении хронического катарального гингивита и хронического генерализованного пародонтита легкой степени. Изучение научной литературы подтверждает, что применение в медицине адаптогенов, при лечении различных заболеваний, оказывает выраженное противовоспалительное, иммуномодулирующее, вяжущее и седативное действие. Данная статья предусматривает изучение комплексного пародонтального индекса у пациентов при лечении хронического катарального гингивита и хронического генерализованного пародонтита легкой степени тяжести в сравнительном аспекте The relevance of ongoing scientific research in the field of periodontology is due to the high frequency of inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases among all age groups of the population around the world. Treatment and prevention of this pathology is one of the most difficult and time-consuming in therapeutic dentistry. To date, there are many medicines of domestic and foreign production intended for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases. Most often, they include antiseptics, anti-inflammatory components, enzyme and vitamin preparations. The lack of immunocorrecting drugs and adaptogens in the composition of these drugs, further lead to the development of frequent relapses. The lack of an integrated approach to the treatment of these diseases not only leads to its prolonged course, but also not infrequently leads to the chronization of the process, which was a prerequisite for studying the effect of a dental gel modified with an adaptogen on periodontal tissues in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of mild degree. The study of scientific literature confirms that the use of adaptogens in medicine, in the treatment of various diseases, has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, astringent and sedative effect. This article provides for the study of the complex periodontal index in patients in the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of mild severity in a comparative aspect

The Outcomes of an Interventional Oral Health Program on Dental Students’ Oral Hygiene

Dental students are an interesting population because they are expected to have a higher level of knowledge of and to exhibit better oral hygiene habits, and thus have a greater impact on the environment, families, and society as a whole. The aim of this research was to determine the state of oral hygiene in dental students before and after the interventional health education program. The research sample consisted of 119 students of dentistry in their first and fourth years of study. The first research stage was conducted before health education intervention (for the evaluation of selected oral health parameters, the Decayed, Missing and Filled index, Greene–Vermillion index, Silness–Löe plaque index, Silness–Löe gingival index, and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs index were used). The second stage was conducted as a clinical measurement of oral health changes. The conducted health education intervention, to an extent, led to changes in the state of oral hygiene among the students, and thus healthier habits. There was a statistically significant difference in the examined population between the beginning of the study and after the health education intervention program. Although a significant improvement in oral hygiene and oral health was noticed after the health education intervention program, the state of oral hygiene was still not at a satisfactory level among the dental students, contrary to our expectations.

Periodontal clinical features of bronchial asthma patient using inhalation drugs

Introduction: Bronchial asthma patients use inhalation drugs as therapy to achieve a controlled asthma state. Inhaled corticosteroids and β2 agonists are the medication that is being used in this case. Prolonged use of inhalation drugs will affect the health of periodontal tissue. The effect of these drugs can reduce the periodontal defense mechanism and increase the risk of periodontal disease. This study aims to determine the periodontal clinical features of bronchial asthma patients using inhalation drugs. Method: This research was a descriptive study. The sample of the study were 22 females and 8 males bronchial asthma patients at the Community Lung Health Center of Bandung (Balai Besar Kesehatan Paru Masyarakat Bandung/BBKPM Bandung) who had been using inhalation drugs for at least one year. The periodontal clinical feature was assessed by employing a Community Periodontal Index (CPI) modified with probing the gingival sulcus to assess the presence of gingival bleeding, periodontal pocket, and loss of clinical attachment where then a periodontal status was obtained. The periodontal status data were then processed using the periodontitis case definitions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) to determine periodontal disease in asthmatics patients. Results: Clinical features of gingival bleeding were found in 26 asthmatic patients (86.7%), periodontal pockets in 18 asthmatic patients (60%), and loss of clinical attachment in 27 asthmatic patients (90%). Based on the CDC/AAP case definition, 23 asthmatic patients (76.7%) had periodontitis. Bronchial asthma patients who used inhalation drugs had a risk of periodontitis.Conclusion: Bronchial asthma patients who used inhalation drugs for at least one year had gingival bleeding and loss of clinical attachment and periodontal pocket.

Implication of thyroid function in periodontitis: a nationwide population-based study

Possible links between periodontitis and various cardiometabolic and autoimmune diseases have been advocated on the basis of chronic inflammation or oxidative stress. However, the association between periodontitis and thyroid dysfunction is under-researched. Participants without previous thyroid disease or ongoing thyroid-related medication were included from a nationwide population-level survey. Participants were categorized into tertiles of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (first tertile < 1.76 mIU/L; second tertile 1.76–2.83 mIU/L; third tertile > 2.83 mIU/L), and periodontal condition was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index. Of the total of 5468 participants, 1423 had periodontitis (26%). A significant difference in the weighted prevalence of periodontitis according to TSH tertiles was observed, with the highest prevalence in the first tertile (26.5%) and the lowest prevalence in the third tertile (20.9%, p = 0.003). Subjects in the first TSH tertile had higher odds for periodontitis than those in the third tertile (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.10–1.68; p for trend = 0.005) after adjusting for covariates. This association was consistent across subgroups and within sensitivity analyses among subjects without specific factors affecting thyroid function or diseases reported to be related to periodontitis. The present study demonstrated that low TSH levels were associated with significantly higher odds for periodontitis.

Clinical Evaluation of Prosthetics Results for Patients with Dentition Defects with Various Dental Bridges Designs

The article presents the study results of clinical effectiveness of orthopedic rehabilitation for patients with dentition defects with different designs of implant-supported dental bridges. The work describes and analyzes complications that occurred during the operation of dental bridges and identifies the optimal design with the most predictable prognosis. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the results of prosthetics in patients with dentition defects with various implant-supported dental bridge designs in different observation terms. Materials and methods. For the clinical investigation we selected 90 patients with dentition free-end defects, who were divided into three groups, 30 patients in each group. Group I patients had dental bridges with cobalt-chromium alloy, faced with feldspar ceramic made, patients of II group – prosthetic constructions on the basis of zirconium dioxide with feldspar ceramic coating, patients of III group – zirconium dioxide framework with following press-ceramic coating. Oral hygiene index OHI-S and Leus comprehensive periodontal index, compliance of the fabricated dental bridges with clinical requirements, and the most common complications that occurred during the use of these fixed prostheses were evaluated for all patients. Results. After 36 months, we found that the highest mean value of OHI-S index was in patients of group I, specifically 1.24±0.19 points. Significantly (p<0.05) lower this index was in patients of group II – 0.64±0.09 points. Minimal OHI-S index was found in group III patients, being at 0.43±0.04 points, it was significantly (p<0.05) different from indicators of group I and group II patients. The mean values of comprehensive periodontal index also differed significantly (p<0.05) in all groups, their indices ranged between 1.24±0.21 points, 0.35±0.03 points and 0.24±0.02 points, respectively. Group II patients' orthopedic constructions turned out to be the most effective, with 96.7% of the prostheses having no malfunctions after 3 years of use. The only violation that occurred in this group was full fracture of intermediate part of one dental bridge. The number of dental bridges that functioned without complications in groups I and III during the same term was 70.0% and 90.0%, respectively. Among the complications, the most frequently observed were chipping of the aesthetic coating of the prosthesis, integrity and retention violations of the dental bridges in different terms. The worst hygienic and comprehensive periodontal indexes were recorded in patients with metal-ceramic dental bridges. Conclusion. The use of zirconium dioxide frameworks and veneered feldspar ceramics provides the most reliable functioning of fixed implant-supported dental bridges and the minimum number of complications in the observation period of 36 months

Periodontal Disease and Vitamin D Deficiency in Pregnant Women: Which Correlation with Preterm and Low-Weight Birth?

Periodontal disease seems to be correlated with low vitamin D serum levels, preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW), although the literature still lacks a consensus. This study aimed to investigate this correlation in a cohort of pregnant women over 20 weeks of gestation from the University Hospital “Maggiore della Carità”, Novara, Italy. We assessed serum levels of vitamin D and oral health status through the following indexes: Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Plaque Control Record (PCR), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPTIN). Moreover, we assessed the number of PTB and LBW among the newborns. Out of 121 pregnant women recruited, 72 (mean age 29.91 ± 3.64 years) were included. There was a statistically significant correlation between preterm and OHI > 3 (p = 0.033), and between LBW and OHI > 3 (p = 0.005) and CPITN = 3 (p = 0.027). Both pregnant women with vitamin D deficiency ((25-hydroxy-vitamin D) < 30 ng/mL) and PTB plus LBW newborns were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with poor levels of all oral health status indexes during pregnancy. Furthermore, these conditions (women with hypovitaminosis D and combination of PTB and LBW) were shown to be significantly correlated (p < 0.001). Taken together, our findings reported a high prevalence of PTB and LBW with poor oral health and vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women.