Dynamic Tourism in ASEAN Countries: Do Institutional Indicators Matter?

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries. Tourism is able to move the economy forward at the micro-level such as encouraging the informal sector and local potential while at the macro level it can increase currency transactions. In various countries, the tourism sector is able to increase domestic and foreign demands as well as to encourage transportation, hospitality, and manufacturing industries. This study examines the effect of institutional indicators on tourism in ASEAN countries during 2000-2018 under dynamic panel estimation. The number of observations was about 180, namely: time series from 2000-2018 and cross-section of 10 countries. ASEAN as one of the destinations in the world requires an increase in institutional quality to be able to compete and provide world-class tourism services. The six institutional indicators were employed such as voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. Moreover, the dynamic panel estimation was expressed by Pooled OLS and REM estimations. Interestingly, the findings show that political stability compromises the number of tourist arrivals while government effectiveness can stimulate tourist arrivals. Similarly, GDP per capita can hinder the number of tourist arrivals, while the exchange rate leads increasing of tourism arrivals. Thus, the governments in ASEAN countries can promote and cooperate together to develop tourism in the regional level. The GDP per capita of ASEAN countries should be increased, and the level of exchange rate can be maintained at a stable range. Besides, the governments should also improve the quality of institutions.

ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN DANA TERHADAP LIKUIDITAS BANK DI INDONESIA

ABSTRACT This study analyzes bank liquidity, both precautionary and involuntary liquidity. This study uses dynamic panel estimation on individual bank data covering 2002 to 2011. The results show that preventive liquidity is more determined by the operation of the bank. On the other hand, involuntary liquidity is more influenced by the condition of the financial system. Regarding size, the effect of financial and macroeconomic system conditions is greater for small banks. In addition, monetary policy in the form of minimum reserve requirements affects precautionary liquidity from small banks; while the central bank's interest rates have less influence on bank liquidity. Keywords: bank liquidity, monetary policy, financial system

Working Capital as a Determinant of Corporate Profitability

This study examines the interaction of corporate profitability, working capital management and firm characteristics. Advanced quantitative techniques, such as dynamic panel estimation and median regression, are used to test the underlying relations. The findings indicate that both size and debt ratio are important determinants of corporate profitability and that profitable firms and losing firms tend to have different determinants of profitability. Several findings indicate that the effects of the components of working capital on profitability depend on firm characteristics such as the state of working capital (surplus/deficit) and where the firm lies in the profitability league.