scholarly journals Dynamic Tourism in ASEAN Countries: Do Institutional Indicators Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Vita Kartika Sari ◽  
Malik Cahyadin
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Stable Range ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Dynamic Panel Estimation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries

Tourism is one of the fastest-growing industries. Tourism is able to move the economy forward at the micro-level such as encouraging the informal sector and local potential while at the macro level it can increase currency transactions. In various countries, the tourism sector is able to increase domestic and foreign demands as well as to encourage transportation, hospitality, and manufacturing industries. This study examines the effect of institutional indicators on tourism in ASEAN countries during 2000-2018 under dynamic panel estimation. The number of observations was about 180, namely: time series from 2000-2018 and cross-section of 10 countries. ASEAN as one of the destinations in the world requires an increase in institutional quality to be able to compete and provide world-class tourism services. The six institutional indicators were employed such as voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. Moreover, the dynamic panel estimation was expressed by Pooled OLS and REM estimations. Interestingly, the findings show that political stability compromises the number of tourist arrivals while government effectiveness can stimulate tourist arrivals. Similarly, GDP per capita can hinder the number of tourist arrivals, while the exchange rate leads increasing of tourism arrivals. Thus, the governments in ASEAN countries can promote and cooperate together to develop tourism in the regional level. The GDP per capita of ASEAN countries should be increased, and the level of exchange rate can be maintained at a stable range. Besides, the governments should also improve the quality of institutions.

scholarly journals Human-mobility networks, country income, and labor productivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIORGIO FAGIOLO ◽  
GIANLUCA SANTONI
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
International Network ◽  
Dynamic Panel Estimation ◽  
Per Capita

AbstractThis paper asks whether the level of integration of world countries in the international network of temporary human mobility can explain differences in their per-capita income and labor productivity. We disentangle the role played by global country centrality in the network from traditional openness measures, which only account for local, nearest-neighbor linkages through which ideas and knowledge can flow. Using 1995-2010 data, we show that global country centrality in the international temporary human-mobility network enhances both per-capita income and labor productivity. Our results hold cross-sectionally, as well as in a dynamic-panel estimation, and take into account potential endogeneity issues. Our findings imply that how close a country is to the theoretical technological frontier, depends not only on how much she is open to temporary human mobility, but mostly on whether she is embedded in a web of relationships connecting her with other influential partners in the network. Our exercises also suggest that most of the gain in income and productivity can be attained if country centrality in the network comes mostly from influential partners that lie not too far away from, but neither too close to them in the network.

scholarly journals Macroeconomic Determinants of Auto Sales in ASEAN: An Empirical Study in Five Major ASEAN Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Suwinto Johan
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Foreign Exchange Rate ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Car Sales ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries

This research examines the determinants of car sales in ASEAN countries. The research concentrates on five macroeconomic variables (consumer price index, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, changes in gross domestic product per capita, foreign exchange rate, and interest rate). The total sample is 12 years of automobile sales in five ASEAN countries from 2005 – 2016. The five ASEAN countries are Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam. This paper used the multilinear regression method with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software to test the research model. For interest-rate variables, we used a lag of one year. The empirical results show that the previous period for inflation, gross domestic product per capita, interest rate, and the foreign exchange rate significantly influenced on car sales in five ASEAN countries. The growth of GDP per capita does not influence car sales.

scholarly journals The Impact of Oil Price Shocks on National Income: Evidence from Azerbaijan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Shahriyar Mukhtarov ◽  
Sugra Humbatova ◽  
Mubariz Mammadli ◽  
Natig Gadim‒Oglu Hajiyev
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Oil Price Shocks ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the influence of oil price shocks on GDP per capita, exchange rate, and total trade turnover in Azerbaijan using the Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) method to data collected from 1992 to 2019. The estimation results of the SVAR method conclude that oil price shocks (rise in oil prices) affect GDP per capita and total trade turnover positively, whereas its influence on the exchange rate is negative in the case of Azerbaijan. According to results of this study, Azerbaijan and similar oil-exporting countries should reduce the dependence of GDP per capita, the exchange rate, and total trade turnover from oil resources and its prices in the global market. Therefore, these countries should attempt to the diversification of GDP per capita, the exchange rate, and other sources of total trade turnover.

scholarly journals Export Contribution of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises to GDP Per capita in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. p11
Author(s):  
Deddy Tri Harjanto ◽  
Cicih Ratnasih ◽  
Yolanda Yolanda
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This study will determine how much the influence of the exchange rate, the number of MSMEs, investment, credit, and inflation on MSME exports nationally, and how they contribute to GDP per capita. The research method uses multiple regression with data transformation ln. The results of the study consist of model 1, the exchange rate factor, the number of MSMEs, investment, credit, and inflation are variables that influence increasing the number of product exports produced from the MSME sector. In the second model, the contribution of MSME exports to GDP per capita. The results showed that of all significant positive variables and one significant negative variable. The investment required in Indonesia, whose number continues to increase yearly, affects the high number of products exports from the MSME sector. For this reason, investment factors must continue to be considered to increase MSME exports. In contrast, the contribution of the inflation variable has a significant negative effect, which is an inverse relationship to MSME exports. It is predicted that if inflation is low, MSME exports will increase, and vice versa if inflation is high, MSME exports will decline. Furthermore, model 2 shows that MSME exports significantly contribute to gross domestic product per capita. In this case, the ups and downs of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises' exports need special attention.

The Loan Shark in ASEAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-277
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Musari
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Loan Shark

Loan shark is a humanitarian problem faced by many countries in the world, including in Asia, even in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)'s countries. Loan shark activities are found not only in Myanmar and Cambodia, which has the lowest per capita income in ASEAN but also in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, and even Singapore, which are the five countries with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in ASEAN. How are loan shark practices in ASEAN countries? Can nanofinance overcome the microfinance gap to fight the loan shark? How the practice of Bank Wakaf Mikro (BWM) in Indonesia to nanofinance with qardhul hassan contract? Find the answers in this chapter.

Commanding the “Be Fruitful and Multiply” Directive: Reproductive Ethics, Law, and Policy in Israel

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL SPERLING
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Reproductive Ethics ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Law And Policy ◽  
Per Capita

As of June 2009, Israel’s population was 7,424,400 people, 5,604,900 of which were Jewish, 1,502,400 were Arabs, and approximately 317,200 had no religion or are non-Arab Christians. Established in 1948, Israel is a highly urban and industrialized country. Its gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (based on exchange rate) is US$23,257, positioning it among the European developed countries. Life expectancy is 79 years for males and 82 years for females, with infant mortality rate of 4 cases per 1,000 live births. Of Israel’s GDP, 7.7% is spent on health.

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