Zweitlotterien

“Secondary lotteries” distributed by private operators without a German license via the Internet allow players to bet on large national and international lotteries without participating in them – and threaten the billions generated by the German state lottery monopoly. The present study comprehensively analyses the regulatory framework for lottery betting in Germany, which is characterised by considerable shortcomings regarding law making and enforcement. The interaction of the different levels of regulation – the German State Treaty on Gambling, European Union and constitutional law – as well as the special requirements for the coherence and consistency of state behaviour in the gambling sector are explained in detail.

Great Outdoors Colorado

This chapter explores Article XXVII of the Colorado Constitution, titled “Great Outdoors Colorado.” The article was added in 1992 to earmark all state lottery proceeds for wildlife, parks, and outdoor recreation. It was adopted in reaction to legislative allocations of lottery proceeds to other purposes. Section 1 established and defined the program. Section 2 created the Great Outdoors Trust Fund with detailed rules for its revenues. Section 3 allocates lottery proceeds among the Trust Fund, the Division of Parks and Recreation, and the Conservation Trust Fund. Section 5(1) vests exclusive control of the Trust Fund in the State Board of the Great Outdoors Colorado Trust Fund, established and defined by Section 6.

Miscellaneous

This chapter explores Article XVIII of the Colorado Constitution, titled “Miscellaneous.” As the title indicates, it covers a broad variety of subjects. The article’s original eight sections forbade lotteries and required the general assembly to pass “liberal homestead and exemption laws,” provisions for arbitration of disputes, laws outlawing imports of fake or adulterated liquors, laws to preserve state forests, and measures for publishing laws adopted at each legislative session. Amendments and additions to the article allow and define the state lottery and limited gambling, impose term limits on state officials, try to promote term limits for federal offices, restrict methods of trapping wildlife, and legalize medical and recreational marijuana under complex rules.

Optimal Play for Multiple Lottery Wins

We determine the optimal strategy for a family of lottery games involving repeated drawings with the same conditions, which includes Brazil's jogo do bicho and games typically offered by state lottery organizations in the United States under names such as Daily 4 or Cash 3. The proof that the strategy is optimal and the resulting formula for the probability of success both rely on a solution to a recursion that generalizes the usual Pascal recursion for binomial coefficients, which itself relies on a count of lattice paths. We illustrate how our result can be applied to focus on-the-ground investigations of suspicious patterns of lottery wins.