A new cryptostome bryozoan Ptilotrypa from the Upper Ordovician Yong Limestone Formation: Tethyan sequence of Kumaun Higher Himalaya, India

A new species of the Paleozoic bryozoan genus Ptilotrypa of the order Cryptostomata is described from the lower part of the Yong Limestone Formation, Katian, Upper Ordovician of the Kumaun Tethys Himalaya: Ptilotrypa bajpaii new species. The presence of the genus Ptilotrypa in the Tethyan Himalaya suggests paleogeographic connections to the Upper Ordovician of North America and, consequently, Upper Ordovician age for the lower part of the Yong Limestone Formation. This species displays a reticulate colony shape, which suggests an efficient filtering capacity in an environment with a high primary production. Morphological peculiarities and systematic assignment of the genus Ptilotrypa are discussed.UUID: http://zoobank.org/898276c8-2924-4da2-ae96-3392cb2ebbc3

RACIÓN DIARIA Y CONSUMO DE ALIMENTO DE LA POBLACIÓN DE ANCHOVIA CLUPEOIDES (PISCES: ENGRAULIDAE) EN LA CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, CARIBE COLOMBIANO

In tropical estuaries, most fishes feed at different hours during the day. To determine the daily ration and consumption of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) population of Anchovia clupeoides monthly samplings of a 24 h cycle were taken at the coastal lagoon between October 1995 and June 1996. A total of 4389 specimens were examined. The population of A. clupeoides consumes almost twice its weight per year, representing a 0.53% of its body weight per day. Though the CGSM presents a high primary production (990 gC/m2/year), the percentage that is transferred to the population of A. clupeoides is relatively low (0.055%). Hence, it seems that the high productivity of the CGSM is not being transferred to upper trophic levels due to the kind of fitoplankton, mainly cianobacteria.