Realisasi Kesantunan Imperatif Guru Dalam Pembelajaran

<div align="center"><table class="KisiTabel1" width="658" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="453"><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study aims to determine and describe the shape of the teacher's imperative speech in learning and find out the factors that cause violations of the imperative politeness by the teacher towards students in learning. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with data in the form of teacher's speech in learning. Data collection techniques using listening techniques, note taking, and interviews, while data analysis techniques using qualitative analysis techniques. The results showed that in reality the teacher violated more politeness in language when using imperative speech to students. This can be seen from the number of utterances. Speeches were found as many as 120, while those that violated 102 speeches, 18 were speeches that obeyed politeness in language. The factors that cause the occurrence of imperative politeness violations committed by teachers are mostly caused by the lack of teacher understanding of the importance of imperative language politeness in learning.</p><p><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan wujud tuturan imperatif guru dalam pembelajaran dan mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan pelanggaran kesantunan imperatif oleh guru terhadap peserta didik dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan data berupa tuturan guru dalam pembelajaran. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak, catat, dan wawancara, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kenyataannya guru lebih banyak melanggar kesantunan berbahasa pada saat menggunakan tuturan imperatif kepada peserta didik. Hal tersebut dapat diketahui dari jumlah tuturan. Tuturan yang ditemukan sebanyak 120, sedangkan yang melanggar sebanyak 102 tuturan dan 18 tuturan yang mematuhi kesantunan berbahasa. Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya pelanggaran kesantunan imperatif yang dilakukan oleh guru paling banyak disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman guru akan pentingnya kesantunan berbahasa imperatif dalam pembelajaran.<strong> </strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

THE DESIGN OF A TEMPLATING LANGUAGE TO EMBED DATABASE QUERIES INTO DOCUMENTS

Presenting information from a database to a human readership is one of the usual tasks in software development. Commonly, an imperative language (such as: PHP, C#, Java, etc.) is used to query a database system and populate with the desired information the application's GUI, a web page or a printed report (referred from now on as Presentation Media). Virtually all database systems are now capable to format, sort and group the data stored in a database, and last but not least to perform calculations against it. These are most of the time enough to prepare the information that is going to be shown on screen or paper. Thus it leaves just one role for the imperative code: to glue the query results to the Presentation Media. This code tends to become repetitive and grows proportionally with the complexity of the Presentation Media. The need for software developers to write this imperative code can be eliminated thought. Instead, the markup code (HTML, LaTEX, etc) can have the ability to bind its elements directly to the database system. To achieve this ability, I propose mixing the Presentation Media’s markup code with a Templating Language. This paper elaborates the design of a Templating Language, a declarative language that adds annotations to any markup code regarding what data will be queried and how should it be integrated in document. For this markup code to be consumed, there won't be necessary to implement any database query abilities in the process that renderers it. Instead, a preprocessor will be invoked to interpret the Templating Language, connect to the database system and query the desired data, respectively to generate the final markup code.