Analisis Perencanaan Capacitor Bank Untuk Perbaikan Faktor Daya Pada Pusat Perbelanjaan Blitar Square

Power factor is the ratio between active power (W) and apparent power (VA). In an electrical installation, the quality of electric power can be said to be good if the value of the power factor is above a predetermined standard of 0.85 according to the Minister (ESDM) Number 30 of 2012 [1]. From the research that has been done at the Blitar Square Shopping Center, it was found that the power factor value is still below the standard with an average value of 0.711. With the low power factor value, this shopping center gets a penalty from PT. PLN (Persero) due to the use of reactive power. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the power factor by installing a capacitor bank. The installation of this capacitor bank is expected to be able to increase the power factor value with a power factor target of 0.98 and reduce the charge for reactive power usage penalties. The calculation results show that global compensation requires 12 capacitor banks with a rating of 10.4 kVAR, while sectoral compensation on the chiller load panel requires 7 capacitor banks with a rating of 10.4 kVAR and the foodmart load panel requires a capacitor bank with a rating of 10. 4 kVAR is 6 pieces. In simulating the installation of a capacitor bank using the ETAP application, it is known that the installation of a capacitor bank can increase the power factor value. In addition, the installation of a capacitor bank also results in an increase in the voltage value in the system, this voltage increase is still below the permissible standard of ± 5%. The simulation of installing a capacitor bank on global compensation can improve the power factor value from 72.99% to 96.97%, with a voltage increase of 0.479% from the initial value of 397 V to 398.9 V, and a decrease in the current value of 24.645% from the initial value. 330.7 A to 249.2 A. While the simulation of installing a capacitor bank in sectoral compensation can improve the power factor value from 72.99% to 93.57%, with a voltage increase of 0.401% from the initial value of 397 V to 398.6 V , and a decrease in the value of current by 21.593% from the initial value of 330.7 A to 258.1 A. The cost of installing a capacitor bank in global compensation was Rp. 189,897,500 while the sectoral compensation is Rp. 211.305.600. It can be concluded that the installation of a capacitor bank using the global compensation method is more effective.

Developing Verification and Optimization Models for Corona Discharge Suppression in High Voltage AC and DC Capacitor Banks

Capacitor banks are widely used in current electrical transmission systems in order to improve power quality and increase efficiency. Utilizing high voltage components such as, shunt capacitors in the power grid imposes new challenges to the system which are required to be addressed. One of these challenges is corona discharges that can have negative impacts on capacitor banks such as power loss, insulator erosion followed by equipment failure, and radio interference. Although previous studies have almost exclusively focused on optimization of corona suppression rings for transformers and transmission lines, no specific studies have conducted regarding high voltage capacitor banks. This paper presents a novel study concerning verification and development of corona discharge suppression models on AC and DC capacitor banks with two different voltage levels. The employed method is based on the Maxwell’s equations and finite element method (FEM) which is implemented with the help of COMSOL Multiphysics© software. Results have verified the necessity of suppression methods as well as the efficiency of proposed solutions. Corona inception voltage levels are identified and effective factors on its appearance are reviewed. Analyses of proposed solutions have shown significant improvements in optimization of corona suppression methods as well as enhancement of maintenance maneuverability.

Passive Reactive Power Compensators for Improving the Sustainability of Three-Phase, Four-Wire Sinusoidal Systems Supplied by Unbalanced Voltages

Compensation of reactive power is necessary in power systems due to economical, energetic, and environmental reasons. Reactive power increases energy power losses and carbon dioxide emissions in distribution lines and power transformers. However, capacitor banks used in most industrial applications do not significantly reduce energy losses in lines and transformers when supply voltages and loads are unbalanced and therefore do not fully improve the sustainability of distribution networks. This fact is explained in this paper using positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence reactive power components in three-phase, four-wire sinusoidal power systems supplied with unbalanced voltages. Likewise, several devices have also been developed for the compensation of the total reactive power and, specifically, for each of its components in these power systems. Comparing the effectiveness of these reactive compensators and other well-known passive compensators as capacitor banks on the sustainability improvement of the electrical installation of an actual industry, reductions between 20% and 100% in energy losses and carbon dioxide emissions, caused by circulation of reactive currents in transformer and lines, can be expected depending on the type of compensator used.