Role of Calcium, Vitamin D and Bisphosphonates in the Treatment of Osteoporosis in patients with Cirrhosis

Osteoporosis is a significant and prevalent consequence of cirrhosis due to its detrimental influence on quality of life through persistent pain and immobility. Additionally, its significant morbidity necessitates early detection and treatment. BD is most frequently encountered in the elderly, smokers, postmenopausal women, alcoholics, malnourished individuals, and those with cholestatic liver disease. The prevalence of osteoporosis has been observed to range between 12--55% in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have a higher prevalence due to persistent cholestasis and female gender. Prior to orthotopic liver transplantation, about 60% of cases with PBC and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have osteoporosis. It is critical to diagnose and treat osteoporosis prior to liver transplantation because of deterioration in early months i.e. 6—12 after transplantation. This resulted in much fractures due to trauma i.e. 25—35%. This osteoporosis may be due to toxic effect of immune compromised therapy after transplantation. Keywords: Role of calcium, cirrhosis, vitamin D

Characteristics of women suffering from alcoholism and treatment dynamics

Objective. The main objective of the research is to determine the characteristics and dynamics of the treatment of women addicted to alcohol, at the Clinic for Addiction Diseases of the Institute for Mental Health, Belgrade. Methods. The sample consists of 136 women addicted to alcohol who were treated at the Clinic for Addiction Diseases of the Institute for Mental Health at the time of the study, as well as patients who had been treated in two wards for the last five years: Clinical ward and Daily hospital. The survey was conducted at the end of 2017 and during 2018. Secondary data sources, ie documentation from the Institute of Mental Health, were used in the research These include patient medical histories and medical records. Analysis of characteristics of women alcoholics aged 18-68 years, treated during 2018, at the Clinic for Addiction Diseases within the Institute for Mental Health in Belgrade. For the research and based on the research variables, a separate matrix was created to analyze the content which was completed for each patient covered by the research sample. Results. The age of the respondents ranges from 18 to 68 years. The results of the analysis of substance abuse in the primary family show that in more than half of the cases (51.5%) there is a history of substance abuse in the family. The key findings of the study show that the largest role in the treatment of women addiction is played by family members who participated in the treatment, and the outcome of treatment was positive with that kind of women. Conclusion. Based on the results presented and conclusions drawn to the specificity of women's alcoholism, the implication is that there is a link between family situation and support and the development of alcoholism and treatment.

Alcoholic disease in the female population

Specificity of alcoholism between men and women caused by the numerous cultural, historical and socio-economic factors. Female alcoholism has recently growing problem. It is believed that the number of women alcoholics is growing faster than the overall increase in the number of alcoholics.PurposeTo show the presence of alcohol consumption in women and factors (age, sex, marital status, school ready, mid-life) that have an impact on the very spread of disease.MethodData were used from the medical records of patients treated at the Clinic for Psychiatry. As a source of data used are dedicated questionnaires designed for adults.ResultsFrom total of 185 patients hospitalized women occasionally drink 45% (81 patients), not drinking response was 31%(57), tried alcohol was 18.4% (34) and 5.6% of them (10) gave a response to daily consume alcoholic beverages.The ratio of men and women who consume alcohol is 1:5.DiscussionMany epidemiological studies of alcohol-induced problems, saying in principle that women drink less than men. Knowledge of alcoholism fifty years ago saying that the ratio of men to women alcoholics was 1:10, and twenty years ago 1:7, to the last ten years, epidemiological studies have shown that women are increasingly drinking and that the ratio is 1:3,5.ConclusionThe biggest group treated alcoholic women which was occasionally consumed alcohol at the age of 30 to 45 years, about 31.57%, 39.32% of single women and highly educated women 48.92%.The largest percentage had elderly women 1.84%, low educated 1.2% and widow 1.12%.