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Published By Centre For Evaluation In Education And Science

2406-1352, 1820-2411

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Dragana Zaklan ◽  
Rastislava Imrek ◽  
Nebojša Pavlović ◽  
Nemanja Todorović ◽  
Mladena Lalić-Popović ◽  
...  

According to the World Disasters Report from 2018, 3,751 natural disasters occurred in previous ten years, which affected 2 billion people, and according to the United Nations report, 134 million people required help. COVID-19 pandemic revealed the unpreparedness of humanity for the global catastrophe, and in the first six months of the pandemic, 50 million people faced the consequences of more than a hundred disasters classified as catastrophes. In this paper we aimed to determine which competencies of pharmacists are necessary, as well as to analyze existing and possible options of pharmacists' involvement in the healthcare team, as well as pharmacists' contribution to the healthcare system in crisis situations. In crisis situations, the pharmacist, in addition to traditional, performs a wide range of non-traditional activities. They include drug and medical device supply management, participation in providing emergency medical care, patient care, supervision of therapy, immunization, but also in establishing crisis management policy and implementing adopted principles. The involvement of pharmacists in humanitarian work is still insufficient, although progress has been made. The COVID-19 pandemic has certainly opened a new chapter in the development of pharmaceutical profession, which will certainly significantly change after the current crisis, along with other professions. Active involvement of pharmacists in healthcare teams is necessary in order to optimally use their expertise, and they themselves to gain experience. In future, this would enable the formation of good practice standards and improving the outcomes of humanitarian or public health missions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Miroslav Mitrović ◽  
Nebojša Tasić ◽  
Vladimir Jakovljević ◽  
Danijela Tasić ◽  
Nikola Mitrović

The COVID-19 pandemic marks the time in which we live. More than 167 million people have been infected so far, and over 3 million people have died. The increase in cardiometabolic risk factors during COVID-19 was due, among other things, to isolation and a sedentary lifestyle, as well as higher food intake. Serbia belongs to the group of countries with a high cardiovascular risk. The meta-analysis confirmed the relationship between the severity of cardiometabolic diseases and the development of a more severe clinical sings of COVID-19, while the metabolic syndrome is a significant inducer of disease complications. Endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome plays an important role in the development of COVID-19 complications. Any activity that leads to a reduction in inflammatory processes in the endothelium and improvement of microcirculatory function is beneficial. Polyphenolic compounds have potential to show a beneficial effect during prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Aronia melanocarpa polyphenol extract is a product that promises. Strong anti-inflammatory action, as well as a high degree of bacteriostatic and antiviral activity, including activity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been proven by clinical trials. Aronia extract in in vitro experiments leads to direct inactivation of various viral cultures: influenza A (99.99%), SARS-CoV-2 virus (96.98%) and adenoviruses (93.23%). With its systemic action, aronia extract manages to significantly affect the symptoms and parameters of the metabolic syndrome, so as such it is a logical and efficacy food supplement choice in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 including and post-COVID-19 symptoms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Stevan Jovanović ◽  
Slađana Arsić ◽  
Biljana Stojanović-Jovanović ◽  
Dragana Kljajić ◽  
Marija Trajkov

Muscle tension dysphonia is a functional voice disorder caused by unbalanced activity of the laryngeal and extralaryngeal muscles. People with dysphonia may have changes in the cervical and perilaryngeal muscles, limited amplitude of movement of the cervical spine, but also posture disorders. The aim of this paper is to present the analyzed therapeutic effects of manual techniques in muscle tension dysphonia, based on a review of the available literature. In accordance with the set criteria and the goal of the paper, the collection and analysis of professional and scientific research papers available in PubMed / MEDLINE databases and others, published in the period from 2004 to 2018, was performed. The analyzed studies belong to the type of clinical studies and by design, two types of studies are included: the type of randomized control study and the study of one group of subjects with before and after-examination. Some studies with one group of respondents were characterized by the authors as a series of cases and one, as a small pilot study of repeated measures. The results of the research indicate a larger number of corrective effects of laryngeal manual therapy. It is certain that by developing a broader manual-therapeutic approach, the etiological factor of muscle tension dysphonia can be more effectively influenced which leads to a reduction in pain, improvement of physical functioning as well as improvement of specific vocal qualities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Dušica Banković-Lazarević ◽  
Verica Jovanović ◽  
Biljana Mijović ◽  
Jelena Brcanski ◽  
Marina Jelić ◽  
...  

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare mortality of patients after colorectal cancer surgery between hospitals in Serbia, which performed organized colorectal cancer screening and those which did not. Methods. The database included all patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer after the introduction of organized colorectal cancer screening Program in Serbia, in 2014-2015. The target group were patients 50-74 years old in the colorectal screening program, and the data was compared to the age-matched group from hospitals which did not perform the program logistic regression. Results. The was used to determine the significance of the differences in the observed variables, and the predictors of mortality after colorectal cancer surgery. Results. The 3631 patients were included in this study. The majority of them were operated due to the rectal cancer 2111 (58%), while 1062 (29.2%) were operated due to the colon cancer. Postoperative survival was significantly better in the target group in organized screening program (p<0.001; OR=0.46; 95%CI 0.33-0.62). There was a significant difference between patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer localized in the left colon, compared to the patients with localization in the right colon (p<0.001). The mortality after the surgery of colorectal cancer (4.7%) was followed by high comorbidity of cardiovascular diseases (24%). Conclusion. Patients included in the organized colorectal cancer screening have lower postoperative mortality than these not included. This indicates the necessity for further work on organized colorectal cancer screening, in order to reduce postoperative and overall mortality.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Selena Đurić ◽  
Verica Simin ◽  
Pavle Banović

Objective. To test if the direct immunofluorescence can be used for the detection of Borrelia afzelii in brain tissue during the standardization of the animal model of neuroborreliosis in NMRI mice. Methods. The study was performed on 15 mice of NMRI strain. All mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 100 ml of BSK-H medium containing the local isolate of Borrelia afzelii. Animals were sacrificed after inoculation at III (n = 4), IV (n = 6) and V (n = 5) weeks, by cervical dislocation. In the sampled brains of mice, the presence of Borrelia was detected by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and chain polymerization reaction (PCR). Results. The first brain tested positive for Borrelia three weeks after the inoculation. The bacteria were detected in 1 out of 4 brains (25%). After that, there was a growth in the percentage of positive results. The data showed that 3 out of 6 brains (50%) were found positive on Borrelia presence by the end of the fourth week. Whereas, in 3 out of 5 brains (60%) Borrelia was detected five weeks following the inoculation. Conclusion. According to the preliminary results, direct immunofluorescence appeared to be a practical, low budget method for following the kinetics of neuro-infection. NMRI mice could be considered as an adequate animal model for neuroborreliosis. Thus, more research is needed on the topics of infection kinetics for the period after fifth week post inoculation, as well as sensitivity and specificity of direct immunofluorescence.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Nikola Savić ◽  
Igor Lukić ◽  
Jelena Mitrović ◽  
Zoran Jokić ◽  
Dušan Ružičić ◽  
...  

Objective. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease in which the body either does not produce or inadequately uses the hormone of the pancreas, insulin. Health education work with this population of patients is an important aspect of treatment and health care, it aims to change harmful health behavior and prevent complications. The aim of the research is to examine the information and health habits of patients with diabetes mellitus, to determine the presence of factors that can affect the worsening of the condition and lead to complications of the disease. Methods. The research was conducted according to the type of cross-sectional study. To collect data, a questionnaire for patients with diabetes mellitus was used, which the authors constructed for this research. The research was conducted in the population of patients with diabetes, in the period June-August 2018. at the General Hospital in Valjevo. The sample consisted of 110 respondents. Results. In the observed sample, almost 2/3 (63%) of the respondents are overweight, and almost 3/4 (74%) of the respondents regularly control their blood sugar values. More than 1/2 (56%) were educated for glycemic self-control, 70% were informed about signs of hyperglycemia, 87% were signs of hypoglycemia. More than 1/3 of respondents are exclusively on insulin therapy, 87% adhere to the therapeutic regimen, 87% of the subjects are trained for insulin self-application. 90% of respondents go to check-ups regularly, and 97% think that the information they receive from health workers is useful. Conclusion. Healthcare professionals of all profiles, primarily doctors and nurses, should continuously conduct health education work with people with diabetes. The largest number of patients in the observed sample were informed about their disease and hygienic dietary regime. In order to make the results even more encouraging, it is necessary to intensify health education work at all levels of health care.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Marko Ilić

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in hemodialysis patients. These patients present various traditional and nontraditional risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Traditional risk factors include arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, cigarette smoking, and decreased physical activity. Non-traditional risk factors include microinflammation, hyperhomocysteinemia, oxidative stress, malnutrition, secondary hyperparatireoidism, anemia, sodium and water retention and increased blood flow through the vascular access for hemodialysis. This review article describes in more detail the causes, methods of diagnosis and treatment for three traditional risk factors, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, as well as anemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased flow through the vascular access which represent non-traditional risk factors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Katarina Boričić

Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of accredited education on the topic of gender-based violence to health care professionals, health and professional associates in the Republic of Serbia. Methods. A search of a database of accredited continuing education programs published on the website of the Health Council of the Republic of Serbia for the period between January 2010 and July 2019. identified programs using the keywords "violence", "family" "gender-based". The ch2 test was used to examine the differences between the independent variables versus the dependent variable. Results. This study showed that two thirds of the training was intended for health care professionals, only while health care workers, health and professional associates were allocated for every seventh education. If the type of institution is observed, it can be noticed that twice as many programs are accredited by civil society organizations in relation to the number of programs accredited by health institutions. Considering the time period in which the programs are accredited, a trend of increasing number of programs can be observed. Among the accredited programs, national courses accounted for 42.6% of the accredited programs while every other program was free. There is a statistically significant difference between educations organized by different types of institutions in relation to the type and cost of education. Conclusion. Although in the observed period there is an increasing trend in the number of accredited programs dealing with gender-based violence, there is still room to improve the quality of continuing education in terms of increasing the number of trainings with an interactive method of work, trainings aimed at different profiles of health professionals and health and professional associates, as well as free on line trainings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Marijana Jandrić-Kočić

Introduction. Hashimoto's thyreoiditis has a complex effect on the gastrointestinal tract, which includes hormone receptor alteration, neuromuscular disorders, myopathies caused by intestinal wall infiltration. Case report. A 44-year-old patient appears in the family medicine clinic due to moderate pain in the lower part of the abdomen present for the past three months, which intensifies before defecation and stops immediately after defecation. He has two to four liquid stools daily in which he has not noticed the presence of mucus or blood for the past two months. He negates earlier illnesses as well as diseases relevant to heredity. Physical examination provides a neat finding. Ultrasound examination of the abdomen is within the age range. Thyroid ultrasound identifies the right flap of a 48x24x10 mm diametre with hypoechogenic calcified nodus 14x12 mm in diameter (meets the criteria of the American Thyroid Association for aspiration biopsy), left flap of 44x20x14 mm diameter. The following are the laboratory findings: TSH 7.66 mIU/l, FT4 6.42 pmol/l, TG 5080 ng/ml, calcitonin 8.94 pg/ml, TG-At 24.99 IU/ ml, TPO-At 500 IU/ml. The patient is instructed on a hygienic dietary regimen and includes spasmolytic and antidiarrheal, and referred to a nuclear medicine specialist who performs an aspiration biopsy (TBSRTC IV follicular tumor). The Oncology Consilium indicates surgery (right-sided lobectomy) with extempore verification and further follow-up. Pathohistological examination of the removed right lobe excludes the presence of malignant disease (struma coloides multinodosa glandulae thyroideae). Antidiarrheal therapy is discontinued and replacement therapy is administered (levothyroxine sodium tablets 50 mcg, qd). Subsequent proctosigmoidoscopy shows a neat finding. One year after surgery the patient is in remission of the disease. Conclusion. Diagnostic evaluation of the thyroid gland in patients with irritable colon syndrome significantly improves quality of life, reduces occupational absenteeism and health care costs.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Svetlana Stojkov ◽  
Dušanka Krajnović

Objective. Continued Professional Development (CPD) is one of the most significant precursors to increased competency. Appropriate instruments and support are required for its implementation. This paper demonstrates the attitudes held by pharmacists on the impact of the competency framework on CPD, its acceptance among Serbian pharmacists and potential future application. Furthermore, the motivational impact of the competency framework on CPD as well as the relationship between certain demographic indicators and motivators of CPD are provided. Method. Research on the cross-sectional method throughout 2015-16 included pharmacists working in publicly-owned pharmacies. The survey was anonymous and voluntary. The questionnaires generated for this research contain demographic data on those surveyed and open-ended questions with multiple choice answers and applied a Likert-type scale. Statistical analysis was conducted by applying Microsoft Office 2003 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results. Among the respondents, the female gender dominated, respondents who had not completed a speciality within their respective field, with an average age of 42 years, and an average of approx. 15 years of service. 26.12% of the respondents had prior experience with the competency framework. Most respondents were of the opinion that these instruments motivated them to actively manage their own PD, to set concrete PD objectives and to review their own competency. Over half intend to apply competency frameworks in future. The statistical Chi-square test indicates it is not possible to determine with certainty that there are differences in terms of motivation in managing PD and in PD goal setting between the groups of variables. Conclusion. The research indicates a positive attitude/opinion of pharmacists towards the competency framework and in recognising these instruments as supportive to CPD.


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