National Security Review of Foreign Investments in Hungary

Screening mechanisms as investment policy measures keep gaining importance worldwide. In October 2018, the Hungarian Parliament also adopted rules on the national security review of foreign investments. This paper intends to present the newly introduced Hungarian screening mechanism which is applicable from 1st January 2019. The goal of this article is to determine how the established Hungarian FDI system can be typified, integrated into an existing regulatory model, or whether it carries elements of a multi-layered system, possibly providing a completely new approach to FDI. We conclude that Hungarian new rules on foreign investment control have become more transparent and coherent than in the past. Nonetheless the review process suffers from a number of shortcomings that may hinder the full accomplishment of the predictability and the effectiveness.

Part II Economic Regulation, 5 Control of Inward Investment

This chapter describes the major techniques of inward investment control used by host states. Such techniques were at the forefront of the policy response to multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the 1970s, when levels of foreign investment in host states were reasonably high but economic nationalism and self-determination were influential. However, as economic globalization evolved, the cost of economic nationalism became too great to sustain, given the resulting loss of access to investment capital and the most modern productive technology. Increasingly, both developed and developing countries have turned away from the strict regulation of foreign investment and are permitting it on less stringent terms. Given the widespread adoption of privatization programmes, the range of industrial sectors reserved for public ownership has decreased. While reservations and controls over levels of foreign investment in privatized companies are a common feature, in many countries, the very purpose of privatization was to increase the overall level of inward foreign investment in the economy. Ultimately, the main prohibitions on foreign investment are to be found in sectors of the national economy relevant to national security. In recent years the number of such prohibitions has risen.

Green building investment control system based on a three-dimensional parametric model of the green building

Investment in construction projects is a rather complex process. The customer of construction product, as a rule, is also its investor and for him the systematization of information about the construction process is a necessity. Construction investment control (CIC) is an integral part of the building construction process. Such control is a separate service that is necessary for the customer to objectively understand the installed work volumes and forecast deadlines. Completed construction and installation works are confirmed by acts of acceptance of the completed works, which are subsequently the basis for payment for the work done. In this paper, we developed a methodology for managing investments in construction, as well as their control using modern BIM technologies. The effectiveness of using 3D modelling in investment control was demonstrated on the example of a residential complex. In addition, the volume of work obtained from the 3D-model was compared with the volume of work calculated manually. As a result, the exact amount of work and schedules for forecasting investment of funds were obtained.

An enquiry into Investment Control of Engineering Projects

The relatively weak link in the current construction project management is the project investment control. There is often a lack of accurate investigation beforehand and the lack of real investigation data, resulting in the lack of authenticity of the investigation report, and it is difficult to calculate the investment spent on the project. Engineering projects are prone to investment risks and cause unnecessary losses. Construction project investment is related to the future development trend of the construction industry. In order to adapt to the development needs of the society, this article discusses current engineering projects from the four key aspects of project investment control—optimized design, good bidding, scientific management, and strengthening of audits. There are problems in the investment process, and the corresponding investment control strategies are discussed. The research conclusions show that these four key aspects play a very important role in engineering project investment control.

Foreign Investment Control Regime in Slovenia – One Step Over the Edge

After a relatively liberal period for foreign direct investment in the Republic of Slovenia, the enactment of the Act Determining the Intervention Measures to Mitigate and Remedy the Consequences of the COVID-19 Epidemic in May 2020 ushered in a significant change. It is not entirely clear why the government, while drafting the bill, decided to place the regulation of control over foreign direct investment under the intervention measures law, which addresses the consequences of the epidemic. A substantive analysis of the new arrangements for screening and controlling foreign direct investment reveals that the legislation was not carefully drafted. The definition of basic concepts and validity of the unique system for persons from the EU member states are already controversial. The Act is awkwardly drafted in terms of specifying a direct capital investment in the form of acquiring a share in a company with its registered office in the Republic of Slovenia. The conditions and procedure for revoking the consent authorising foreign direct investment are poorly regulated. Additionally, interpreting the Act to mean that the revocation of foreign direct investment can also be applied to foreign investments made before it came into force, that is, with a retroactive effect, is extremely controversial.

Improving the financial investment system as an object of business economics

Subject. This article explores the economic relations of economic entities concerning effective investment activities, combining elements of investment control and assessment of related risk. Objectives. The article aims to analyze and logically substantiate the stages and types of investment activities of enterprises and investment projects in-progress, as well as define a methodological approach to assessing project risks. Methods. For the study, we used a structural and logical analysis, and deductive reasoning. The methodological base of the study is based on the principles of the theory of finance, investment and risk management. Results. The article defines stages of assessing the financial condition of enterprises and proposes a methodological approach to assessing certain risks of an investment project based on the risk ranking by degree of probability and significance of an event through applying the expert assessment method. The article also presents a practice-oriented risk map for investment projects and clarifies the concept of Investment Control. Conclusions. The results of the study can help address the significant for the Russian economy issue of stimulating and developing investment activities at enterprises, as well as implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects at the micro-and macro-levels of the country's economy.