Mathematical formalism on "Arabic Language DNA"

In this work we formalize new findings on formal Arabic language by constructing equivalence classes on letters depending on inversion principle. This equivalent relation furnishes a conjecture that Arabic language has a DNA-like inversion controller, called language DNA (LDNA) (Al-Rawajfeh, 2020, Ref [2]) and it can be even considered as a part of the full language DNA that can be discovered by more investigations similar to this work.

Cyclic parallel structure Jacobi operator for real hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians

In this paper, from the property of Killing for structure Jacobi tensor $\mathbb {R}_{\xi }$ , we introduce a new notion of cyclic parallelism of structure Jacobi operator $R_{\xi }$ on real hypersurfaces in the complex two-plane Grassmannians. By virtue of geodesic curves, we can give the equivalent relation between cyclic parallelism of $R_{\xi }$ and Killing property of $\mathbb {R}_{\xi }$ . Then, we classify all Hopf real hypersurfaces with cyclic parallel structure Jacobi operator in complex two-plane Grassmannians.

Equivalent Characterization on Besov Space

In this paper, we give an equivalent characterization of the Besov space. This reveals the equivalent relation between the mixed derivative norm and single-variable norm. Fourier multiplier, real interpolation, and Littlewood-Paley decomposition are applied.

On The Diskcyclic Criterions

The aim of this work is to give the new types for diskcyclic criterion. We also introduced the case if there is an equivalent relation between a diskcyclic operator and T that satisfies the diskcyclic criterion. Moreover, we discussed the condition that makes T, which satisfies the diskcyclic criterion, a diskcyclic operator

General variational principle, general Noether theorem, their classical and quantum new physics and solution to crisis deducing all physics laws

This paper discovers that current variational principle and Noether theorem for different physics systems with (in)finite freedom systems have missed the double extremum processes of the general extremum functional that both is deduced by variational principle and is necessarily taken in deducing all the physics laws, but these have not been corrected for over a century since Noether's proposing her famous theorem, which result in the crisis deducing relevant mathematical laws and all physics laws. This paper discovers there is the hidden logic cycle that one assumes Euler-Lagrange equations, and then he finally deduces Euler-Lagrange equations via the equivalent relation in the whole processes in all relevant current references. This paper corrects the current key mistakes that when physics systems choose the variational extreme values, the appearing processes of the physics systems are real physics processes, otherwise, are virtual processes in all current articles, reviews and (text)books. The real physics should be after choosing the variational extreme values of physics systems, the general extremum functional of the physics systems needs to further choose the minimum absolute extremum zero of the general extremum functional, otherwise, the appearing processes of physics systems are still virtual processes. Using the double extremum processes of the general extremum functionals, the crisis and the hidden logic cycle in current variational principle and current Noether theorem are solved. Furthermore, the new mathematical and physical double extremum processes and their new mathematical pictures and physics for (in)finite freedom systems are discovered. This paper gives both general variational principle and general Noether theorem as well as their classical and quantum new physics, which would rewrite all relevant current different branches of science, as key tools of studying and processing them.

Crisis Deducing All Physics Laws, Solution to The Crisis and Its Applications to Improved Variational Principle, Improved Noether Theorem and so on

This paper discovers that current variational principle and Noether theorem for different physics systems with (in)finite freedom systems have missed the double extremum processes of the general extremum functional that both is deduced by variational principle and is necessarily taken in deducing all the physics laws, but these have not been corrected for over a century since Noether's proposing her famous theorem, which result in the crisis deducing all the physics laws. This paper discovers there is the hidden logic cycle that one assumes Euler-Lagrange equations, and then he finally deduces Euler-Lagrange equations via the equivalent relation in the whole processes in all relevant current references. This paper corrects the current key mistakes that when physics systems choose the variational extreme values, the appearing processes of the physics systems are real physics processes, otherwise, are virtual processes in all current articles, reviews and (text)books. The real physics should be what after choosing the variational extreme values of physics systems, the general extremum functional of the physics systems needs to further choose the minimum absolute extremum zero of the general extremum functional, otherwise, the appearing processes of physics systems are still virtual processes. Using the double extremum processes of the general extremum functionals, the crisis and the hidden logic cycle problem in current variational principle and current Noether theorem are solved. Furthermore, the new mathematical and physical double extremum processes and their new mathematical and physical pictures for (in)finite freedom systems are discovered. The improved variational principle and improved Noether theorem are given, which would rewrite all relevant current different branches of science, as key tools of studying and processing them.

Drinfel’d construction for Hom–Hopf T-coalgebras

Let [Formula: see text] be a Hom–Hopf T-coalgebra over a group [Formula: see text] (i.e. a crossed Hom–Hopf [Formula: see text]-coalgebra). First, we introduce and study the left–right [Formula: see text]-Yetter–Drinfel’d category [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], and construct a class of new braided T-categories. Then, we prove that a Yetter–Drinfel’d module category [Formula: see text] is a full subcategory of the center [Formula: see text] of the category of representations of [Formula: see text]. Next, we define the quasi-triangular structure of [Formula: see text] and show that the representation crossed category [Formula: see text] is quasi-braided. Finally, the Drinfel’d construction [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is constructed, and an equivalent relation between [Formula: see text] and the representation of [Formula: see text] is given.

Topological approach for rough sets by using J-nearly concepts via ideals

Topological concepts and methods have been applied as useful tools to study computer science, information systems and rough set. Rough set was introduced by Pawlak. Its core concept is upper and lower approximation operations, which are the operations induced by an equivalent relation on a domain. They can also be seen as a closure operator and a interior operator of the topology induced by an equivalent relation on a domain. This paper explores rough set theory from the point of view of topology. I generalize the notions of rough sets based on the topological space. The set approximations are defined by using the new topological notions namely I-J-nearly open sets. The topological properties of the present approximations are introduced and compared to the previous one and shown to be more general.