GrameStation: Specifying Games with Graphs

This paper presents a platform for creating games using graphs. The proposed game engine is based on a mathematical formalism called Graph Grammar. It aims to rescue, within computer science education, the stage of specification, that precedes programming. The proposal is aligned to the trends of the problem-solving focus, development of computational thinking, use of visual languages, game-related environments and the maker movement. The structure of the platform and the creation/execution of an example game are described and a brief discussion about specification in computer science education is given.

From Depreciation to Exhaustible Resources

Harold Hotelling’s 1931 article on the economics of exhaustible resources is considered groundbreaking in the history of nonrenewable resource analysis. Hotelling’s innovation has been characterized by comparing his work with other contributions dealing with conservation issues. It has also been connected to his earlier work on depreciation, published in 1925, for using the same kind of mathematical formalism. This article further explores this second research direction on the basis of new archival materials, showing that Hotelling conceived his contributions on resources and depreciation as closely and substantially intertwined. It also suggests that Hotelling’s interest in exhaustible resources came from his earlier readings in accounting. These results shed new light on Hotelling’s early economic research, on our common understanding of his 1931 contribution, and on the origins of the connection between nature and capital in the history of environmental economics.

Interactive Computation and Artificial Epistemologies

What is algorithmic thought? It is not possible to address this question without first reflecting on how the Universal Turing Machine transformed symbolic logic and brought to a halt the universality of mathematical formalism and the biocentric speciation of thought. The article draws on Sylvia Wynter’s discussion of the sociogenic principle to argue that both neurocognitive and formal models of automated cognition constitute the epistemological explanations of the origin of the human and of human sapience. Wynter’s argument will be related to Gilbert Simondon’s reflections on ‘technical mentality’ to consider how socio-techno-genic assemblages can challenge the biocentricism and the formalism of modern epistemology. This article turns to ludic logic as one possible example of techno-semiotic languages as a speculative overturning of sociogenic programming. Algorithmic rules become technique-signs coinciding not with classic formalism but with interactive localities without re-originating the universality of colonial and patriarchal cosmogony.

Mathematical formalism on "Arabic Language DNA"

In this work we formalize new findings on formal Arabic language by constructing equivalence classes on letters depending on inversion principle. This equivalent relation furnishes a conjecture that Arabic language has a DNA-like inversion controller, called language DNA (LDNA) (Al-Rawajfeh, 2020, Ref [2]) and it can be even considered as a part of the full language DNA that can be discovered by more investigations similar to this work.

Design and Experimental Implementation of a Multi-Cloak Paraxial Optical System

Electromagnetic cloaking has being continuously pursued using a large variety of approaches. In recent years, this effect has been observed using either complex devices based on the so-called Transformation Optics or simple systems based on conventional optics with proper characteristics. In the latter case, a simple arrangement of lenses working in the paraxial regime can provide broadband visible cloaking in a wide area. In this work, we analyzed and generalized this method by proposing a five-lens system producing at least three potential invisible regions with a large cloaked area (>90% of the visual field). In particular, we developed the mathematical formalism and show, both numerically and experimentally, the successful operation of the cloaking system with the naked eye.

Agility as the fundamental concept of classical mechanics

In this paper, we introduce a mathematical formalism that demonstrates how concepts are implemented in physical theories, with a focus on the agility concept. We define a concept manifestation as a process, in which a concept is assigned to an object (e.g., a body or a particle). In the implementation stage, a physical theory is spanned, and we demonstrate how the implementation of the concept of agility generates the rules of classical mechanics and, in some aspects, general relativity. Using this approach, we show that both expressions for momentum— <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo></mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>m</mml:mi> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo></mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo></mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> and <mml:math display="inline"> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo></mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi mathvariant="italic"></mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mover accent="true"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo></mml:mo> </mml:mover> </mml:math> —originate from the same source-time derivative of an agility operator. We conclude that physical laws that can serve as representative concepts may be useful in artificial intelligence systems.

Aether Integration

In this paper we investigate into the possible resurrection for the aether and it&rsquo;s compatibility with the theory of relativity. We revisit the Michelson-Morley experiment and expose some of the major inadequacies. In this regard, we have presented the true/corrected form of the Michelson-Morley experiment. We have tried to revise the interpretational aspect of the mathematical formalism regarding the metric of Minkowskian space-time in addendum with it&rsquo;s relationship to the two theories of time. We herein have also tried to restrain some of the quantum mechanical issues arising from the mainstream understanding of the mathematical formalism of the Minkowskian manifold. Essentially, we have argued in favour of aether to be incorporated into our mathematical formalism as well the physical understanding of the universe.

Algorithm for Predicting the Glicemic Profil in Diabetes Under Regular Measurements

Background. In recent years, modern technical devices have been created so that to use in the practice of treating diabetes mellitus. These are systems for continuous monitoring of glycemia, which is a significant addition to the widely accepted measurements of glucose levels with a glucometer, various infusion systems, which significantly improve the doctor's decision-making process. However, such technical means are quite expensive and inaccessible to a wide range of users. In addition, their use is associated with both adverse reactions when wearing them and with patient compliance issues. In this case an alternative can be using mathematical modeling tools. Objective. The aim of the paper is to prove the possibility of using mathematical modeling to predict the glycemic profile as a certain degree of alternative to a sensor for continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels under conditions of limited irregular measurements. Methods. To solve the problem it is proposed to employ the technology of mathematical modeling. The structure of the model makes it possible to implement the mathematical formalism by analytical formulae. Results. As a result, the insulin-glucose-tolerance test has been developed that allows quantitatively assessing a patient's personal sensitivity to insulin-bolus therapy. We proposed the mathematical model for solving the problem by analytical formulae. Algorithms for identifying model parameters, an algorithm for calculating the insulin dose that compensates for the carbohydrate component in the intended meal, and an algorithm for predicting the daily glycemic profile have been developed. The software-algorithmic structure for the implementation of the mathematical formalism has been developed. Conclusions. The conducted simulation study employing the technology of mathematical modeling makes it possible to evaluate the functioning of the developed procedures at the preclinical stage. The simplicity of calculations using analytical formulae can be a prerequisite for the implementation of the algorithm in portable autonomous special-purpose devices or in smartdata under the Android OS, which is a definite contribution to development of digital diabetology.

Simulation of the Bell inequality violation based on quantum steering concept

Violation of Bell’s inequality in experiments shows that predictions of local realistic models disagree with those of quantum mechanics. However, despite the quantum mechanics formalism, there are debates on how does it happen in nature. In this paper by use of a model of polarizers that obeys the Malus’ law and quantum steering concept, i.e. superluminal influence of the states of entangled pairs to each other, simulation of phenomena is presented. The given model, as it is intended to be, is extremely simple without using mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics. However, the result completely agrees with prediction of quantum mechanics. Although it may seem trivial, this model can be applied to simulate the behavior of other not easy to analytically evaluate effects, such as deficiency of detectors and polarizers, different value of photons in each run and so on. For example, it is demonstrated, when detector efficiency is 83% the S factor of CHSH inequality will be 2, which completely agrees with famous detector efficiency limit calculated analytically. Also, it is shown in one-channel polarizers the polarization of absorbed photons, should change to the perpendicular of polarizer angle, at very end, to have perfect violation of the Bell inequality (2 $$\sqrt 2$$ 2 ) otherwise maximum violation will be limited to (1.5 $$\sqrt{2}$$ 2 ).