Soolisustatud rahvuslus Lilli Suburgi (1841–1923) jutustuses “Liina” (1877)

The article deals with the representation of nationalism in Lilli Suburg’s (1841–1923) short story “Liina” (1877). Lilli Suburg was a writer, journalist, pedagogue, and the first Estonian feminist. “Liina” is her most famous literary work, which also belongs among the most important works of early Estonian literature. “Liina” was published in two editions (1877, 1884) and was also translated into Finnish (1892). It is important in the context of Estonian national movement because it is a short story based on the central idea which emphasizes the importance of being Estonian. It became popular among readers and made the author famous. “Liina” is based on Suburg’s German-language diary, and it is an autobiographical short story about an Estonian peasant girl who struggles to remain Estonian. The national ideas represented in “Liina” emphasize the importance of remaining Estonian in an environment where social mobility rather implied Germanization. On the other hand, the national theme in “Liina” represents a gendered viewpoint. Suburg understood the woman as a national subject equal to the man and therefore the carrier of national ideas is a woman – the protagonist called Liina. The article deals with the representation of nationalism and gender in the short story and also with the context of the creation and reception of the work.

Web Platform for Folklore Research Based on Domain Ontology

In this paper, we take a close look at a web platform that provides the tools necessary for working with folklore materials and conducting scientific research based on them. Folklore studies consist of working with audio and video materials, which contain the reproduction of elements of folk art in national languages, creating specific text recordings with translation and comments, written in a public language, and building a picture of the worlds based on available resources. To structure and present this content, we use an ontology-based approach, which allows linguists to describe not only the resources, but also subject knowledge in the Semantic Web style, i.e. using hierarchies of classes, objects and relationships between them. The main feature of folklore research is the need for synchronization of translations, which is achieved by creating a parallel corpora of texts, and the ability to label texts with entities of the subject area, which is called semantic markup. Moreover, each corpus is connected with a certain nationality and has both its own national language and unique system of concepts of the world around it. Such representation imposes many non-standard requirements for the platform, such as working with arbitrary languages, supporting many ontologies, ensuring the creation and editing of national subject ontologies, semantic text markup, presentation, navigation, and search across heterogeneous resources. The developed platform provides all the necessary tools for research, including tools for the development of ontologies in specific national subject areas and manual annotation of texts in real time by several specialists. Resources of the web-platform are located in the resource ontology, which includes such concepts as corpus, video resource, audio resource, graphic image, person, geographical location, genre of text, etc. Ontologies of subject areas are presented in the form of a hierarchy, where the ontology of universals, common to all folklore studies, is located at the top level. At the same time, inherited ontologies are specialized for each represented national corpus. The web application is built with Python Django framework and the TypeScript React library. Data storage is implemented using the Postgres database.

Domestication of Difference: Practices of Civic Engagement among Middle Eastern Christians in Denmark

This article employs Hage’s concept of “domestication” as a lens for understanding how various forms of civic engagement among Coptic, Assyrian, and Chaldean Christian migrant communities in Denmark reproduce and contest a Danish model of citizenship, a particular construction of both the national subject and its Others. While churches are a primary place for civic engagement among Middle Eastern Christians as an ethnoreligious group, internally in the communities three modalities of civic engagement—serving, committing, and consuming—are practiced. Each produces different manifestations of citizenship because they engage with the local, national, and transnational differently. Christians of Middle Eastern origin are not publicly visible as political or activist groups as they, along with other immigrant groups, are expected to immerse themselves into the Danish model where ethnic and cultural differences are acknowledged but disregarded of their original context and its power relations.

PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS

The article presents characteristics of selected systems of providing public services based on literature study. The area of public administration has been analysed – a local government, associated mainly with legal sciences, is increasingly becoming an interest of economic sciences, including management sciences. The attempt to present the cumulative character of the evolution of administration was the purpose of the article. The article uses extensive foreign and national subject literature.

Knowledge and the Making of a Jewish Nation: Encyclopedia, Historical Narrative, and the Epistemic Origins of Zionism

For more than fifty years, the national subject has been in decline as a category of study in the humanities. Mid-20th-century structuralists and post-structuralists have promoted interdisciplinary approaches to the study of national collectives, whereas historians have increasingly shifted their focus to global, transnational, or regional concerns....