TRAVEL CULTURE IN YUGOSLAVIA: AN ANALYSIS OF TOURISM PROPAGANDA

The paper is an overview on Yugoslav seaside tourism propaganda and mass tourism of the working class. The analysis is based on the archival material analyzed so far in the field of the history of tourism development and published scientific papers related to travel culture in Yugoslavia. The research aims to look at and analyze the tourist propaganda in Yugoslavia during the 20th century from a sociological aspect, when one of the main characteristics of tourism was its mass occurrence. Despite the development of the economy and the rise of tourism, the citizens of Yugoslavia had a short vacation, during which they went to the sea, spas, mountains, most often making their own travel plans, and used the services of travel agencies the least. Numerous catalogs, brochures, newspaper advertisements represent important segments of tourist propaganda and a signpost for domestic tourists to popular destinations. The difficult position of workers who struggled to preserve the idea of going on vacation was also visible through some of the slogans about summer vacations: "Those who have money bathe in the sea, and those who do not have money bathe at home in the washbowl." The standard of living of the people dictated their decisions about travel, and only in 1964 was the decision made that the annual vacation should last for six days and be paid, which gave tourism the epithet of social tourism. The results of the overview provide insight into the everyday life of the inhabitants of Yugoslavia, their possibilities for going on vacation, tourist propaganda which was very lavish in its beginnings, but also the most common destinations they travelled to.

An Analysis of Products Communicated on Instagram by the Most followed Czech Influencers

The aim of this contribution is to determine and analyse the types of products the five most followed Instagram influencers in the Czech Republic promoted during the period September 2019 – September 2020. The most followed influencers in 2020 were identified on the basis of the highest number of followers (Leoš Mareš, Petr Čech, Jirka Král, Karolina Kurková and Anna Šulcová). The next step was to calculate the frequency of product-related posts by each influencer according to the individual product types. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the most frequent product-related posts are associated with clothing and accessories, followed by magazines, cosmetics, e-shops, sports, travel, culture, children’s goods or restaurants.

RURAL TOURISM IN SERBIA IN THE AGE OF THE CORONAVIRUS EPIDEMIC

The coronavirus pandemic has caused a change of tourist habits, including turning more to domestic destinations. Serbian travel culture is specific, because most travelers choose sea destinations, given that Serbia is a continental country. Considering the number of natural resources along with accommodation capacities, it is necessary to work more on the promotion of rural tourism, in order to change the awareness and habits of travelers. The research conducted for this purpose addressed the travel habits of domestic tourists in their own country and showed that there are great opportunities in this regard to increase the number of guests in rural tourism, which will become permanent and use other benefits a rural household can provide. It also represents the opportunity to revitalize abandoned and devastated areas and affects the economic well-being of the whole region and even the whole country.

A Paris of Their Own: Guidebooks for Anglo-American Female Travellers and the Rewriting of Mainstream Travel Culture

Both E. M. Forster’s A Room with a View (1908) and Charles Dickens’s Little Dorrit (1855–1857) satirize British guidebook users, depicting them as mindless followers rather than as individual explorers of foreign landscapes. Series by John Murray and Baedeker dominated the landscape of Victorian travel, and scholars have pointed out that while mainstream guidebooks made foreign tourism more accessible for the middle class, they also presented travel as a heavily prescriptive and systematic endeavour, one that often sheltered British travellers from an encounter with foreignness. This article extends our understanding of the Victorian guidebook’s legacy by examining three Anglo-American guidebooks for women travelling to Paris – Mary Abbot’s A Woman’s Paris (1900), Elizabeth Otis Williams’ Sojourning, Shopping, and Studying in Paris (1907), and Alice M. Ivimy’s A Woman’s Guide to Paris (1909). It suggests that these fin-de-siècle women’s guidebooks emerged as a critique both of mainstream guidebooks’ prescriptive approach to foreign travel and of the narrow interests to which they catered. This article shows how, in actively resisting the genre’s emphasis on uniformity and expediency, guidebooks for women instead privileged spontaneous discovery, personal interest, and an encounter with the Parisian culture and landscape. In doing so, it seeks to reformulate our understanding of women’s travel narratives and of the cultural legacy of Victorian guidebooks.