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2021 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Nataliia Blenda ◽  
Vitaliy Rybchak

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of the food market of Ukraine and trends in its development. The actual capacity of the domestic market for certain products has been determined, taking into account the decrease in the average per capita consumption of certain food products by the population and the reduction in the population of Ukraine. It is established that the growth of gross output of agricultural products has improved the level of self-sufficiency in food in Ukraine. Meeting the needs of the population in food, within its purchasing power, is almost entirely provided by domestic products, except fruits, berries, and grapes. The level and dynamics of import dependence of the food market as a whole and in the context of individual product groups are determined.


Author(s):  
Dmytro Akimov

The purpose of the article. Research and analysis of marketing technology algorithms and study of motivations of purchasers of products of fine arts. The methodology is to apply comparative, empirical, and theoretical methods. This methodological approach allows us to analyze the motivations of purchasers of works of fine art and further research of marketing processes in the promotion of works of fine art in the art market. The scientific novelty consists in the expansion of ideas about the motivations of purchasers of works of fine art. The article explores the marketing processes in the art market. Algorithms of marketing technologies in the analysis of motivations of purchasers of works of fine arts are analyzed. That is, the article proves that in art marketing it is relevant and necessary to regularly study the algorithms of the behavior of purchasers of works of art, as well as in general - situations in which the collector decides on the purchase of works of art. Research in the field of art market marketing gives grounds to state that artistic creativity is a field of large and small business, which should deeply study and analyze the motivations of purchasers, involving specialists in psychology, sociology, economics. It should be noted that in the marketing of fine arts the technologies of studying and analyzing the motivations of the purchasers of works of art are purposefully and productively used. Conclusions. The article analyzes the models of acquisition of works of fine art. It is also proved that the behavior of the purchaser of works of art is determined by three mandatory components: Individual - Product - Situation, on which the model of consumption and consumer behavior is based. Thus, we have studied the individuals involved in the acquisition of works of art that are products on the market, presented in kind in museums or private collections. The success of art marketing depends not only on the personality of the artist who created the product presented on the market, not only on the solvency of the final purchaser of this product but also on the personality, creative and business qualities of dealers, distributors, and other intermediaries in the art market. At a certain stage, they also become purchasers of this product on the way from the artist to the final buyer - a museum or a private collector, etc. We also explored market algorithms for acquiring works of art in a collection.


Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Prita Meilanitasari ◽  
Seung-Jun Shin

This article reviews the state of the art of prediction and optimization for sequence-driven scheduling in job shop flexible manufacturing systems (JS-FMSs). The objectives of the article are to (1) analyze the literature related to algorithms for sequencing and scheduling, considering domain, method, objective, sequence type, and uncertainty; and to (2) examine current challenges and future directions to promote the feasibility and usability of the relevant research. Current challenges are summarized as follows: less consideration of uncertainty factors causes a gap between the reality and the derived schedules; the use of stationary dispatching rules is limited to reflect the dynamics and flexibility; production-level scheduling is restricted to increase responsiveness owing to product-level uncertainty; and optimization is more focused, while prediction is used mostly for verification and validation, although prediction-then-optimization is the standard stream in data analytics. In future research, the degree of uncertainty should be quantified and modeled explicitly; both holistic and granular algorithms should be considered; product sequences should be incorporated; and sequence learning should be applied to implement the prediction-then-optimization stream. This would enable us to derive data-learned prediction and optimization models that output accurate and precise schedules; foresee individual product locations; and respond rapidly to dynamic and frequent changes in JS-FMSs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiara Rodrigues de Freitas ◽  
Marynara Mathias de Carvalho ◽  
Priscila Christiane Suzy Liporoni ◽  
Ana Clara Borges Fort ◽  
Rodrigo de Morais e Moura ◽  
...  

The role of bleaching agents (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) in tooth bleaching is quite well-described in a few literature studies and considered as the option choice for those desiring brighter teeth, but alternative methods have emerged to fulfill the desire of patients in a faster, easier, and cheaper way. In this context, whitening over-the-counter (OTC) products are available in several vehicles, such as toothpaste, rinses, gums, paint-on varnishes, and strips, but their effectiveness in terms of bleaching is questioned. This review aimed to describe their mode of action, whitening effectiveness, and harmful effects associated with the indiscriminate use of these products. Dentifrices usually present a combination of abrasives that can induce damage to the tooth surface without evidence of promoting real bleaching. The same was found for rinses, which might present a low pH, with an erosive potential. Charcoal has been included in the composition of these products to improve their whitening effect but there is no evidence supporting it. Regarding strips, they present hydrogen peroxide in a variety of concentrations and are the only OTC products able to promote bleaching. Despite the vehicle, an indication for the use of these products should be made after a careful individual diagnosis of the etiology of the dental staining, considering that most of them seem to be effective only in removing extrinsic stains or preventing their formation over enamel. Also, their indiscriminate use might induce damage and deleterious effects over tooth tissues or gingival tissues. The dentist should be aware of the composition and mode of action of each individual product as they change according to the composition and the vehicle used to recommend the best mode of usage. Still, there is no sound evidence that any of the described OTC products promote a better bleaching effect than the products indicated for a professional.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Duan ◽  
Nina del Rosario ◽  
Jianzhi Dong ◽  
Hongkai Gao ◽  
Jian Peng ◽  
...  

<p>Soil moisture is an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) that plays an important role in land surface-atmosphere interactions. Accurate monitoring of soil moisture is essential for many studies in water, energy and carbon cycles. However, soil moisture is characterized with high spatial and temporal variability, making conventional point-based in-situ measurements difficult to sufficiently capture these variabilities given the often lack of dense in-situ network for most regions. Considerable efforts have been made to explore satellite remote sensing, hydrological and land surface models in estimating and mapping soil moisture, leading to increasing availability of different gridded soil moisture products at various spatial and temporal resolutions. The accuracy of an individual product varies between regions and needs to be evaluated in order to guide the selection of the most suitable products for certain applications. Such evaluation will also benefit product development and improvements. The most common (traditional) evaluation method is to calculate error metrics of the evaluated products with in-situ measurements as ground truth. The triple collocation (TC) analysis has been widely used and demonstrated powerful in evaluation of various products for different geophysical variables when ground truth is not available.</p><p>The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a research infrastructure with aim to quantify the greenhouse gas balance of Europe and adjacent regions. A standardized network of more than 140 research stations in 13 member states has been established and is operated by ICOS to provide direct measurements of climate relevant variables. The ICOS Carbon Portal offers a 'one-stop shop' freely for all ICOS data products at https://www.icos-cp.eu/observations/carbon-portal. This study evaluates for the first time a large number of different satellite-based and reanalysis surface soil moisture products at varying spatial and temporal resolutions using ICOS measurements from 2015 over Sweden. Evaluated products include ESA CCI, ASCAT, SMAP, SMOS, Sentinel-1 derived, ERA5 and GLDAS products. In order to quantify spatial patterns of errors of each individual product, TC analysis is applied to different combinations of gridded products for spatial evaluation across entire Sweden. The performance of products in different seasons and years is evaluated. The similarity and difference among different products for the drought period in the year 2018 is particularly assessed. This study is expected to improve our understanding of the applicability and limitations of various gridded soil moisture products in the Nordic region.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46
Author(s):  
Ibrokhim Xabibullayev ◽  
◽  
Ruslana Zhovnovach ◽  
Mariia Petrova ◽  
◽  
...  

The actual problems of work in the sphere of organization of supply and sale are considered, the existing developments in the sphere of modeling and optimization of commercial activity of the wholesale trading enterprises are analyzed. The necessity of a comprehensive approach to improving the commercial activities of wholesalers is substantiated. The composition of the solutions included in the integrated approach is determined by the sole purpose, practical possibilities of its implementation and implementation at the wholesale enterprises and is based on the analysis of actual problems of the industry as a whole, interdependence in the work of departments, development of a single optimization criterion. The effectiveness of the integrated approach is based on the fact that for the sake of maximum result it is important not to isolate the development of individual operations, but to improve the entire purchasing system of the wholesale enterprise as a whole. The scientific and methodological approach of carrying out the integrated ABC-XYZ analysis of a range of a trading enterprise by its combination with R/S analysis, which acts as a criterion for the effectiveness of the XYZ analysis and an indicator of the possibility of forecasting the dynamics of sales of individual product groups, has been improved. XYZ analysis, based on the calculation of the coefficient of variation, when there are deterministic factors such as seasonality, cyclicality or trend in a series of determinants, shows erroneous results. Therefore, it is suggested to use R/S analysis to evaluate the quality of the XYZ analysis and to pre-process the data. This will allow us to draw more adequate conclusions about the possibility of forecasting the dynamics of sales of certain product groups in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Kateřina Kvěchová

The aim of this contribution is to determine and analyse the types of products the five most followed Instagram influencers in the Czech Republic promoted during the period September 2019 – September 2020. The most followed influencers in 2020 were identified on the basis of the highest number of followers (Leoš Mareš, Petr Čech, Jirka Král, Karolina Kurková and Anna Šulcová). The next step was to calculate the frequency of product-related posts by each influencer according to the individual product types. Based on the data, it can be concluded that the most frequent product-related posts are associated with clothing and accessories, followed by magazines, cosmetics, e-shops, sports, travel, culture, children’s goods or restaurants.


Author(s):  
Duncan Fairgrieve ◽  
Richard Goldberg

There are generally few difficulties in applying the consumer expectation test of s 3(1) of the 1987 Act to manufacturing or production defects. Thus it can be said that: ‘persons generally are clearly entitled to expect that a product conform with the standard of safety common to the items of a same line of products marketed by a particular manufacturer: an individual product which fails to comply with such a standard because it was not produced and marketed as intended will no doubt be considered defective’. Or to put it another way, in the form of an example, ‘no reasonable or “ordinary” consumer expects to find a snail in a bottle of ginger beer’, or, for that matter, carbolic acid in a bottle of lemonade. Accordingly, when the defect is a manufacturing one the consumer expectation test may be straightforward in its application and advantageous.


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