Revisiting Energy Demand Relationship: Theory and Empirical Application

In this paper, we revisit the theoretical framework for energy demand. We then use this theoretical framework to empirically model the Saudi Arabian industrial electricity demand. We show, in the case of Saudi Arabian data, that imposing parsimonious energy demand specification on data without testing relevant assumptions can lead to biased estimations and noticeably poor approximations, while imposing general energy demand specification without accounting for the data properties can lead to redundant estimations and lower approximation than what could be obtained otherwise. Combining the theory with the data can provide unbiased and irredundant estimations with high levels of approximations. Hence, this paper recommends, based on the empirical findings, that a better strategy would be the combination of theoretical coherence with data coherence in the General to Specific Modeling (GtSM) framework for the empirical analyses of energy demand.

International Real Estate Review

Through the implementation of an experimental design, this study examines the effect of buyer demand specification and search patience on the home buying process. We find that there are no significant effects of demand specification on the behavior of brokers and the search results. When the search patience of a buyer is higher, the earnings of the buyer are greater, matching degree is higher, search duration is longer, number of broker recommendations is greater, and attribute competition is fiercer.

Is the Dorfman-Steiner Rule Always Optimal?

Common economic wisdom states that the Dorfman-Steiner advertising rule must be met for profit maximization with respect to advertising effort, and either quantity or price. This is true given that the demand equation is not independent with respect to advertising and price or quantity (inverse demand equation). In other words, using an independent linear demand specification the Dorfman-Steiner rule is an identity and thus always holds even with output levels off the equilibrium path.

Issues of Demand Specification and Industry Structure in Turkeys and Broiler Chickens

Factors unique to the turkey industry suggest that conclusions concerning market structure and demand specification drawn from aggregate poultry data cannot necessarily be extrapolated to the turkey industry. The Wu-Hausman endogeneity test is used to examine demand specifications and industry structure specifically for turkey meat. In contrast to general poultry, quantity—not price—is found to be predetermined in demand models that use annual turkey data. Quarterly demand analysis suggests this result stems from biological cycles that limit a producer's ability to react to price change and the use of a weighted average for determining price and quantity.