Role of Reducing Profit Management Practices on Tax Evasion in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

The primary objective of accounting, as an information system, is the measurement and delivery of data and information to the decision makers of users. Among the users, there are the financial authority of the appraisers and the tax examination procedures. However, the pursuit of some companies management to adopt procedures that would get illegal gains in so-called earnings management procedures. These procedures would work to create a gap in confidence in the services provided by the accounting profession. This situation causes suspicious cases on financial statements prepared by these services in the regard of official government bodies for tax function. The researcher reached, through the theoretical and practical aspects, certain conclusions. The most important of which is the earning management practiced today by companies in Iraqi Kurdistan Region to reduce the real profit in order to avoid the tax imposed on them. The alternatives in the accounting treatments and flexibility in the accounting standards is not the way paved to earningsmanagement practices if the accountant does not respect the rules and ethics of the their profession, choosing the inappropriate alternative to the nature of the company’s activity. Another conclusion is the existence of collusion between the external auditors and the taxpayer’s company. Accordingly, the study recommended that the concerned bodies should ensure that earnings management is not practiced by companies. The need of awareness is raised about earning management and negative effects on companies. The need to maintain a single accounting process is relevant and not change it without the approval of the competent authorities. it is necessary to emphasis on company governance and not to allow the collusion between the auditors and the taxpayer’s companies, activating the role of the association of accountants and auditors, in order to advancement of the profession as well as to defend the accountants members in case of facing pressures from the owners to manipulate and cheating.

Research on the Difference Between Accounting System and Tax Laws

The article analyzes and demonstrates the differences between China’s accounting system and tax laws, and the difference between accounting system and tax law in China has its deep historical background, Its main reason lies in the difference between objective of accounting system and goal of tax law, but the widening gap has brought about adverse effects on both the tax and ratepaying. The analysis shows that the difference between accounting system and tax law is coordination, the coordination between should follow certain principles promoted from two aspects of accounting system and tax law, so as to promote the further improvement of accounting system and tax law.

“Conventional” accounting vs “Islamic” accounting: the debate revisited

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the arguments that the assumptions underlying conventional accounting are incompatible with Islamic values, hence the need for new accounting objectives and assumptions. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts an analytic approach based on a combination of archival and bibliographic data sources. Findings – It is shown that this belief of incompatibility can be traced to misconceptions about the assumptions underlying “conventional accounting”. It is then argued that the neglect of Islamic accounting in Islamic countries could be attributed to Islamic accounting not meeting the needs of users rather than acculturation or economic dependency. Research limitations/implications – The study relies solely on the literature and highlights important issues in the area but does not provide any empirical evidence. The implications are significant for the future development of Islamic accounting and the economies of Islamic countries. The objective of accounting is to provide useful information for economic decision-making and the adoption of wrong assumptions would limit the usefulness of accounting information. Originality/value – Few scholars have questioned the assumptions underlying Islamic accounting, and this debate is important for the continued development of Islamic accounting. The paper also attempts to contribute to the debate on the poor adoption of Islamic accounting.