Antecedents to the Audit Quality of Non-Financial Firms Listed in Iraq Stock Exchange: The Moderating Role of Accounting Fairness

The main objective of the current study is to examine audit fee, financial reporting quality, going concern, and earning management as antecedents to the audit quality of non-financial firms listed in Iraq stock Exchange. In addition to that the study has also examined the moderating role of accounting fairness in the relationship between audit fee, financial reporting quality, going concern, earning management and audit quality of non-financial firms listed in Iraq stock Exchange. The data of 60 firms listed on Iraqi stock exchange over the period of 4 years from 2017-2021 is taken from the audited accounts. The study basically employs panel data analytical tools in achieving the set goals of the research. The choice of panel data approach is informed by a number of methodological advantages it offers. Results indicates that that as interest in the agency theory grows, the importance of fairness as a principle will grow, and that it is expected that the value of this concept would grow as a means of resolving conflict and exploiting interests that arise between the many stakeholders in the firm. on the concept of fairness, agreeing that the interests of particular parties should not trump fairness, which he referred to as clarity. The results of the study have provided support to the hypothesis of the study. The findings of the study will be helpful for policymakers, and researchers on the issues related to accounting fairness ,audit fee, financial reporting quality, going concern, earning management and audit quality of non-financial firms listed in Iraq stock Exchange.

ARE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVE FIRMS LESS INVOLVED IN EARNINGS MANAGEMENT? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

This paper investigates whether corporate social responsibility active (CSR active) firms operate dissimilarly from other firms in their financial reporting. Specifically, we examine whether the corporate social responsibility (CSR) attitude of a firm sways its reporting incentives, in respect of the extent of earning management. To test our predictions, we use a sample of 25,861 year-company observations, corresponding to 3538 Chinese listed companies, for the period 2009–2019. We find a significant positive association between CSR activity and earning management assessed by the level of discretionary accruals in Chinese listed companies. Moreover, we document that Chinese CSR active firms engage more in earnings management through discretionary accruals than CSR inactive firms. These findings are consistent with the opportunistic financial reporting hypothesis: advances in CSR used by managers to safeguard their position by evading scrutiny from stakeholder activists. This study contributes to the growing awareness among investors, stakeholders and researchers that we should distinguish between CSR active firms and socially responsible firms and that being the latter entail something more than just mechanically produce CSR reports.

Menyusun Laporan Keuangan

Suatu laporan keuangan pada dasarnya adalah hasil dari proses akuntansi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi antara data keuangan atau aktivitas suatu perusahaan dengan pihak – pihak yang berkepentingan dengan data atau aktivitas perusahaan tersebut. Laporan keuangan sangat perlu untuk mengetahui kondisi keuangan perusahaan (Gunawan, et al., 2015). Laba menjadi indikator umum bagi pihak manajemen dan pihak eksternal untuk menilai kinerja suatu perusahaan. Informasi laba ini dapat mempengaruhi investor, kreditur, dan pihak lainnya dalam membuat keputusan investasi dan ekonomi. Oleh sebab itu, perusahaan berusaha untuk mencapai target laba yang diinginkan agar perusahaan terlihat memiliki kinerja yang baik dan dapat menarik minat pihak eksternal. Laba juga dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kinerja manajemen perusahaan dalam suatu periode tertentu serta mempertanggung jawabkan sumber daya yang dikelola yang telah dipercayakan kepada manajemen/manajer. Namun manajer sering melakukan manipulasi data untuk memperoleh keuntungan pribadi. Tindakan tersebut biasa dikenal dengan istilah manajemen laba (Earning management).

D. PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP EARNING RESPONSE COEFFICIENT YANG DIMODERASI OLEH ACCRUALS ERANING MANAGEMENT: STUDI EMPIRIS PERUSAHAAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan phenomena in indonesia stock exchange yang paling aktif sahamnya ditransaksikan. Motivasi penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis respon investor dalam mengambil keputusan setelah manajemen mempublikasikan laporan keuangan perusahaan. Penelitian ini memilih 20 perusahaan dengan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan data panel yaitu data time series tahunan dan cross sectioan perusahaan yang terpilih sebagai sampel. Untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian, maka digunakan model regresi linear dan non linear, sedangkan vraiebl penelitian terdiri dari dua variabel independen, satu variabel moderator dan dua variabel control. Temuan pada penelitian ini, yaitu variabel profitabilitas berpengaruh negative dan signifikan terhadap earning response coefficient, terutama karena setelah lima hari sejak laporan keuangan dipublikasi, pihak investor atau speculator melepaskan sahamnya terutama terhadap saham yang mengalami kejenuhan pertumbuhan harganya sehingga harga cenderung menurun pada hari ke lima dan seterusnya. Liqudity berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap earning response coefficient, karena perusahaan meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam memenuhi kewajiban keuangan dan semakin dipercaya oleh bank dan pihak ketiga, sehingga direspon positif oleh investor di pasar modal. Keywords : Financial Management, Earning Management, and Strategic Management.

Non-Earning Management Measures of The Quality of Financial Statements

The quality of financial statements is the fundamental issue in terms of the reliability of the accounting conducted by those who prepare them. Since the beginning of the 21st century, and with the growing concerns regarding the data released in financial statements, the development of methods for testing the quality of financial reporting has been of great and growing importance.

Pengaruh Free Cash Flow dan Financial Leverage Terhadap Earning Management dengan Good Corporate Governance sebagai Variabel Moderasi

Earning Management is one of the various efforts that can be made by companies in engineering the numbers in the financial statements so that the company's financial statements can be seen in good condition for investors and other readers. This study aims to determine the effect of free cash flow and financial leverage on earnings management with good corporate governance as a moderating variable in transportation service companies. This study uses data from 26 transportation service companies from 2017-2019 that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique used in this study is the Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis method where PLS analysis is an analytical method that is not based on many assumptions or conditions and can handle many variables at once even though there is multicollinearity in these variables. The results show that free cash flow and financial leverage have no effect on earning management and good corporate governance cannot moderate the relationship between free cash flow and financial leverage on earning management.

PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN INTITUSIONAL DAN KUALITAS AUDIT TERHADAP EARNINGS MANAGEMENT DENGAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

This research aims to determine the effect of institutional ownership and audit quality on earnings management with financial distress as a moderating variable. The research sample was selected using a purposive technique and taken were the annual financial reports of manufacturing companies that were registered consistently during the last four years, namely 2016-2019 with a sample size of 14. The results of this study indicate that institutional ownership has a negative and significant effect on earning management, audit quality has a negative effect on earnings management, financial distress can moderate the relationship between institutional ownership and earnings management, financial distress can moderate the relationship between audit quality and earnings management