The Deconstruction of Oppressive Structures: Three Non-Conforming Female Figures in Canadian Drama

Sometimes, resistance to oppressive structures takes on forms initially unexpected. Through close readings of George Ryga's The Ecstasy of Rita Joe, Judith Thompson's The Lion in the Street, and David French's Salt-Water Moon, this paper considers four female figures in Canadian drama who oppose their circumstances leveraging the—sometimes minimal—power available to them.

Shifting genres: Rendering bad language in the Polish voice-over of the Canadian drama American Heist

This article is devoted to the problem of translating bad language in cases when the target audience recipient has direct access to the source text and the impact translational and editorial choices have on the overall meaning of the work. As an illustration of this point, it discusses a voice-over translation, in which case it is common practice to censor vulgarities, mainly by means of under-translating certain phrases, which are considered taboo, or omitting them completely. Such choices are justified for a number of reasons, including protecting vulnerable audiences or reducing semantic density because most taboo words exercise a phatic function. However, in certain cases censoring bad language has an impact on the semiotic make-up of the work and thus, changes the meaning intended by the original author. A good illustration is provided with the analysis of particular scenes from the Canadian drama American Heist.

Making the Bedouins: Code-Switching as Model for the Translation of Multilingual Drama

The translation of theatre from one linguistic and cultural context to another can be uniquely challenging; these challenges are multiplied when the source text is itself multilingual. René-Daniel Dubois’s Ne blâmez jamais les Bédouins, translated into English under the name Don’t Blame the Bedouins by Martin Kevan, unfolds in English, French, Italian, German, Russian, and Mandarin. The original “French” text presents as postdramatic, deconstructing language and identity in a sometimes frenetic pastiche. Kevan’s “Anglophone” text, however, resists the postdramatic deconstruction in the original, instead bulking up Dubois’ macaronic and archetype-heavy collage with some attempts at psychological depth. Because of its polyglossic complexity and because it has been translated, published, and produced in both English and French, it proves an excellent case study that allows for an in-depth analysis of how multilingual theatrical translation can be carried out. I propose that Kevan’s translation of Dubois’ play exhibits not only textual and performative translation, but that he also translates the linguistically-coded aesthetic conventions that distinguish Quebecois and English Canadian drama and their respective audiences. Kevan shows sensitivity to the gap between the politics of language in French and English Canada as well as to the gap between theatrical codes in both linguistic communities by amplifying the psychological realism and consequently tempering the language politics in his “English” version of Dubois’s work. The choices that Kevan made in his translation are here elucidated by borrowing linguistic theories of conversational code-switching to analyze both versions of the play.

Can Multilingualism Be a Radical Force in Contemporary Canadian Theatre? Exploring The Option of Non-Translation

Recognizing the richness of multilingual theatre in Canada, this article argues that the choice of nontranslation as the absolute staging of multilingual hospitality carries the promise of a more radical cohabitation and offers both critical and reparative encounters with bodies that resist mainstream recuperation. Beyond multicultural accommodation of diversity, non-translation as a politicized choice is examined through examples chosen from contemporary Asian Canadian and Afro-Caribbean Canadian drama, as well as Indigenous performance. Specifically, the article analyzes the deployment of multilingualism “from below” (Alison Phipps’s term) in front of mainstream Anglophone audiences in such plays as debbie young and naila belvett’s yagayah.two.womyn.black.griots, Betty Quan’s Mother Tongue, and Monique Mojica’s Chocolate Woman Dreams the Milky Way. The decolonial practice of non-translation embraced by these playwrights contributes to the trend of “diversifying diversity” and promotes more balanced linguistic ecologies. Rather than softening the hard edges of difference in a global spread of equivalences, multilingualism “from below,” associated with minoritized languages and invisibility, embraces radical heterogeneity and incommensurability, radically confronting the meaning of ethnicized, hyphenated multiculturalism. However, at the same time, these forms of multilingualism throw into high relief the selective cultural politics of translation that privileges Canada’s official bilingualism