Survey of Slum Housing Characteristics Using Drones: An Experiment in the Alto das Pombas Community, Salvador de Bahia/Brazil

Since the approval of the Brazilian Federal Technical Assistance Law, whose objective is to guarantee adequate technical assistance to the residents of poor areas to improve their homes, several municipalities have implemented programs, not always successful, to improve housing in slums. Aiming to subsidize these programs implementation workflow, the present paper analyses use of drones as a tool to gather information about the physical characteristics slum households in Salvador de Bahia city, Brazil. As an experiment we flight over a single census sector within the Alto das Pombas slum, and after image processing we extracted and organized the collected data, extracting the possible information that could be applied to identify and quantify the most precarious houses that could be prioritized from a health improvement perspective. We conclude that many of the necessary data needed, on the urbanistic scale in Brazilian slums, can benefit from drone photogrammetry at low cost and fast execution.

Margins Exposed La Expresion de la Comuna 13

<p>In many countries, slum housing begins with the primary intention to house marginal communities and develop to embody a saturation of culture. From this saturation of culture emerges a new experience of architecture. Things such as visual art appear and directly interact with the architecture’s facades and materiality. Such a site exists in Medellin, Colombia; it is called ‘La Comuna 13’. Here, the architecture is made up of poorly constructed brick houses, most of which are now covered with street art created by the community members. Each one of the murals has been painted in order to record a particular and significant event in this community’s painful and turbulent past. In fact, the community members have created a way to archive their history through an artistic expression manifested as a new layer added onto an architecture. </p> <p>This research looks to create a framework where the practice of interior architecture can start to respond to such artistic expression. It endeavours to develop a process of re-coding the community generated art in order to create different interior programmes and designs. This thesis proposes that this can be achieved by a close examination of street art and by breaking it down into ideas such as layering, place-identity and memory in order to derive an architecture from it. The process includes the use of various iterative formats. The design of interior architecture has not yet been approached from the perspective of allowing art to be the design driver and form generator. This will produce an interior architecture which not only responds to an artistic and cultural expression but also helps to enable this expression. The iterations form a set a different engagement with society. As such they include an urban provocation, an orchestrated invitation and a discrete retreat. </p> <p>One may argue that the proposed architecture has a motivation in exposing the recording of the trauma experienced by a community on the margins of a society onto the mainstream cultural space. </p>

Margins Exposed La Expresion de la Comuna 13

<p>In many countries, slum housing begins with the primary intention to house marginal communities and develop to embody a saturation of culture. From this saturation of culture emerges a new experience of architecture. Things such as visual art appear and directly interact with the architecture’s facades and materiality. Such a site exists in Medellin, Colombia; it is called ‘La Comuna 13’. Here, the architecture is made up of poorly constructed brick houses, most of which are now covered with street art created by the community members. Each one of the murals has been painted in order to record a particular and significant event in this community’s painful and turbulent past. In fact, the community members have created a way to archive their history through an artistic expression manifested as a new layer added onto an architecture. </p> <p>This research looks to create a framework where the practice of interior architecture can start to respond to such artistic expression. It endeavours to develop a process of re-coding the community generated art in order to create different interior programmes and designs. This thesis proposes that this can be achieved by a close examination of street art and by breaking it down into ideas such as layering, place-identity and memory in order to derive an architecture from it. The process includes the use of various iterative formats. The design of interior architecture has not yet been approached from the perspective of allowing art to be the design driver and form generator. This will produce an interior architecture which not only responds to an artistic and cultural expression but also helps to enable this expression. The iterations form a set a different engagement with society. As such they include an urban provocation, an orchestrated invitation and a discrete retreat. </p> <p>One may argue that the proposed architecture has a motivation in exposing the recording of the trauma experienced by a community on the margins of a society onto the mainstream cultural space. </p>

Legal Review of Local Wisdom of Indigenous Communities of Siak District in the Management of Slum Housing and Slum Settlement Locations

Law Number 1 of 2011 in Article 98 paragraph (3) concerning Housing and Settlements, it is explained that the regional government has the authority to conduct arrangements and determine the location of slum housings and urban slums. This is what underlies the Regional Government of Siak Regency to have a role in identifying various local wisdoms in its region. The existence of the local wisdom of the indigenous people of Siak can be viewed from the legal aspect of structuring the location of housing and slums as mandated by legislation and implemented in the Letter Regent Decree Number 523/HK/KPTS/2014 concerning Determination of Slum and Slum Housing Locations in Siak Regency and Regent Decree Number 302/HK/KPTS/2017 concerning Slum and Slum Residential Housing Locations in Siak Regency. The result is the existence of the local wisdom of Indigenous people of Kampung Buatan II, Koto Ghasib Subdistrict did not work optimally, because it had not maximized the role of the Riau Malay Customary Institution in Siak Regency. However, the noble values of local wisdom in Malay indigenous communities in structuring the location of housing and slums are known from their ancestors expressed in a proverb or customary expression in preserving nature around us to create a clean, healthy life by understanding the meaning of development, understanding the ins and outs of religion and culture and the social norms of the people, so that development is truly beneficial for all levels of society.

Urban Informal Housing and Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity

Urbanization leads to the densification of built-up areas, and thereby increases surface heat island intensity which is one of the growing concerns in the rapidly urbanizing cities. Another notable aspect of cities like Mumbai is the uncontrolled growth of informal slum housing clusters, which have emerged as a significant urban built form in the landscape of cities. This study presents a case of Mumbai that aims to explore the linkages between slum housing—here referred as ‘slum urban form’ (SUF)—and surface urban heat island (SUHI) supported by spatial-statistical analysis. The magnitude of the impact of urban form on SUHI, measured by land surface temperature (LST), is examined using Cohen’s d index, which measures the effect size for two groups—SUF and ‘formal’ housing—on LST. The results confirm a ‘large’ effect indicating a significant difference in mean LST between the two groups. The spatial analysis reveals a statistically significant spatial clustering of LST and SUF ( p-value < 0.05), and bivariate local indicator of spatial association (LISA) confirms that the spatial association of SUF is surrounded by ‘high’ LST (Moran I: 0.49). The exploratory spatial analysis indicates that the contribution of SUF in elevating SUHI intensity is more than the formal housing areas and has increased vulnerability to heat stress. The results were validated on the ground using environmental sensors, which confirms the susceptibility of SUF to heat stress.