Serving Multiple Masters? Public Managers’ Role Perceptions in Participatory Budgeting

Participatory budgeting is fast becoming a popular form of public participation. Public managers play an important role in organizing and implementing participatory budgeting. Their role perceptions affect whether they use their discretion to limit or increase residents’ say in participatory processes. However, we know little about public managers’ role perceptions in participatory budgeting. In this study, we develop a typology of public managers’ role perceptions in participatory budgeting using a Q-methodological analysis of public managers in seven municipal participatory budgeting projects in Belgium. We find evidence for four distinct perspectives: a managerial, citizen-centered, technocratic, and skeptical perspective.

Design and Interfacing of I2C Master with Register and LCD Slaves

One of the foremost, well-liked, less sophisticated Serial communication standards, I2C; a bus protocol familiarly meant for the exchange of information among the peripherals residing on the constant circuit card, houses two-wires i.e., data and clock for supporting duplex communication between multiple masters and slaves do considered as prominent and efficient in Data transmission. The present work emphasizes on the I2C controller designed for interfacing with slaves, a simple control register of I2C switches/card where the data is written or scan from, subsequently, I2C core implementation on Spartan 3E FPGA, where one of its on-chip peripheral, in this case LCD treated as a slave for performing data transactions. The entire module is designed in Verilog HDL, functional checking is accomplished with the ISIM 10.0b simulator, followed by the design synthesis using Xilinx ISE14.4 tool

Modular microfluidics for point-of-care protein purifications

Customizable 3-D fluidic bridges enable low-volume, leak-free connections between multiple masters for integrated point-of-care protein purification strategies in microfluidics.