Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Ruthenium Polypyridine Complexes with 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid as Antibacterial Agents against Staphylococcus aureus

Four new ruthenium (II) polypyridine complexes bearing 18β-glycyrtinic acid derivatives, [Ru(bpy)2L](PF6)2 (Ru1), [Ru(dmb)2L](PF6)2 (Ru2), [Ru(dtb)2L](PF6)2 (Ru3) and [Ru(phen)2L](PF6)2 (Ru4) (bpy = 2,2-bipyridine, dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, dtb = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, phen...

Polymeric Encapsulation of a Ruthenium Polypyridine Complex for Tumor Targeted 1- and 2-Photon Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy is a medical technique, which is gaining increasing attention to treat various types of cancer. Among the investigated classes of photosensitizers, the use of Ru(II) polypyridine complexes is gaining momentum. However, the currently investigated compounds generally show poor cancer cell selectivity. As a consequence, high drug doses are needed, which can cause side effects. To overcome this limitation, there is a need for the development of a suitable drug delivery system to increase the amount of PS delivered to the tumor. Herein, we report on the encapsulation of a promising Ru(II) polypyridyl complex into polymeric nanoparticles with terminal biotin groups. Thanks to this design, the particles showed much higher selectivity for cancer cells in comparison to non-cancerous cells in a 2D monolayer and 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model. As a highlight, upon intravenous injection of an identical amount of the Ru(II) polypyridine complex, an improved accumulation inside an adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial tumor of a mouse by a factor of 8.7 compared to the Ru complex itself was determined. The nanoparticles were found to have a high phototoxic effect upon 1-photon (500 nm) or 2-photon (800 nm) excitation with an eradication of an adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial tumor inside a mouse. Overall, this work describes, to the best of our knowledge, the first <i>in vivo</i> study demonstrating the cancer cell selectivity of a very promising Ru(II)-based PDT photosensitizer encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles with terminal biotin groups.

Polymeric Encapsulation of a Ruthenium Polypyridine Complex for Tumor Targeted 1- and 2-Photon Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic therapy is a medical technique, which is gaining increasing attention to treat various types of cancer. Among the investigated classes of photosensitizers, the use of Ru(II) polypyridine complexes is gaining momentum. However, the currently investigated compounds generally show poor cancer cell selectivity. As a consequence, high drug doses are needed, which can cause side effects. To overcome this limitation, there is a need for the development of a suitable drug delivery system to increase the amount of PS delivered to the tumor. Herein, we report on the encapsulation of a promising Ru(II) polypyridyl complex into polymeric nanoparticles with terminal biotin groups. Thanks to this design, the particles showed much higher selectivity for cancer cells in comparison to non-cancerous cells in a 2D monolayer and 3D multicellular tumor spheroid model. As a highlight, upon intravenous injection of an identical amount of the Ru(II) polypyridine complex, an improved accumulation inside an adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial tumor of a mouse by a factor of 8.7 compared to the Ru complex itself was determined. The nanoparticles were found to have a high phototoxic effect upon 1-photon (500 nm) or 2-photon (800 nm) excitation with an eradication of an adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial tumor inside a mouse. Overall, this work describes, to the best of our knowledge, the first <i>in vivo</i> study demonstrating the cancer cell selectivity of a very promising Ru(II)-based PDT photosensitizer encapsulated into polymeric nanoparticles with terminal biotin groups.

Does geometry matter? Effect of the ligand position in bimetallic ruthenium polypyridine siblings

The properties of trans-[RuII(tpy)(bpy)(μ-CN)RuIII(py)4(L)]3+/4+ (L = Cl−, NCS−, DMAP or MeCN) show a transition from localized to delocalized as the ΔE between Ru ions becomes smaller.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW RUTHENIUM (II) DIARSINIC AQUACOMPLEX

Ruthenium complexes are used as catalysts, energy converters, some have biological activity, among other applications. The ruthenium chemistry reserves remarkable stability when complexed with organic ligands, mainly bipyridine and tripyridine. Ruthenium polypyridine aquacomplexes have acted as excellent electrocatalysts in the conversion of organic substances, since they offer interesting patterns of binding with ruthenium. The preparation of ruthenium aquacomplexes combining tripyridine and bidentate arsine ligands is not officially described. Good advantages have been found when using ligands containing mixed mono, di or tripyridines with bidentate ligands in their coordination sphere, such as the verified stability of these complexes, without loss of ligands during the process and the possibility of better stereochemical control during the synthesis of these complexes. This work stands out the synthesis, in three stages, of a new ruthenium tripyridine complex containing a bidentate arsine: [Ru(L)(totpy)(OH2)](ClO4)2 (L=Ph2AsCH2CH2AsPh2); (totpy=4'-(4-tolyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine). Each step of the synthetic route showed a significant reaction yield and the voltammetric, spectroscopic and microanalytical characterization results point positively to the proposed chemical structure of the complex.

Optical manipulation of animal behavior using a ruthenium-based phototrigger

A visible-light activatable caged compound based on a ruthenium-polypyridine complex was used to elicit the feeding response of the freshwater cnidarian Hydra vulgaris.