The Geology, Mineralogy and Geothermometry of the Broadlands Geothermal Field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

<p>Following the commissioning of the Wairakei geothermal power station, several areas in the Rotorua-Taupo Volcanic Zone were investigated for their power-producing potential. One of these was the Broadlands district, where a resistivity survey had located a sizeable area of subsurface water. The first hole, east of the Waikato River (Fig. 2), was drilled in late 1965, but although the temperature at hole bottom is 278 degrees, rock permeability is low and the bore is a poor steam producer. However, further drillholes (Br 2, 3 and 4) in the Ohaki area tapped good supplies of high temperature water and prompted a fullscale scientific and exploratory drilling programme. This was completed in mid-1971 after 25 holes had been drilled and it was estimated that the field could produce about 150 megawatts of electricity.</p>

The Geology, Mineralogy and Geothermometry of the Broadlands Geothermal Field, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

<p>Following the commissioning of the Wairakei geothermal power station, several areas in the Rotorua-Taupo Volcanic Zone were investigated for their power-producing potential. One of these was the Broadlands district, where a resistivity survey had located a sizeable area of subsurface water. The first hole, east of the Waikato River (Fig. 2), was drilled in late 1965, but although the temperature at hole bottom is 278 degrees, rock permeability is low and the bore is a poor steam producer. However, further drillholes (Br 2, 3 and 4) in the Ohaki area tapped good supplies of high temperature water and prompted a fullscale scientific and exploratory drilling programme. This was completed in mid-1971 after 25 holes had been drilled and it was estimated that the field could produce about 150 megawatts of electricity.</p>

Mechanical–Chemical Coupling Effects on an Environmental Barrier Coating System under High-Temperature Water Vapour Conditions

The degradation mechanisms for environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) under high-temperature water vapour conditions are vital for the service of aero-engine blades. This study proposes a theoretical model of high-temperature water vapour corrosion coupled with deformation, mass diffusion and chemical reaction based on the continuum thermodynamics and the actual water vapour corrosion mechanisms of an EBC system. The theoretical model is suitable for solving the stress and strain fields, water vapour concentration distribution and coating corrosion degree of an EBC system during the water vapour corrosion process. The results show that the thickness of the corrosion zone on the top of the EBC system depended on water vapour diffusion, which had the greatest influence on the corrosion process. The top corroded area of the rare-earth silicate EBC system was significantly evident, and there was a clear dividing line between the un-corroded and corroded regions.

Preparation of hypoallergenic ovalbumin by high-temperature water treatment

The high-temperature water treatment is one of the methods used to reduce the molecular weight of proteins. In this study, in order to establish a practical method for preparing hypoallergenic materials using the high-temperature water treatment, we investigated the effects of processing temperature on the antigenicity and allergenicity of a food allergen. Additionally, the foaming ability of the samples was also evaluated as a function desired in the food industry. We used ovalbumin as a model allergen. As a result, although there was no significant difference among the samples treated with different processing temperatures, all the antigens treated with high-temperature water showed a decrease in antigenicity and allergenicity. In addition, when ovalbumin was treated at a temperature of 130 °C or higher, there was a significant improvement in foaming properties. These findings indicate that high-temperature water treatment is a potential strategy for preparing practical hypoallergenic materials.