The ADR Market and the Effects of ADR Issue on the Underlying Security; a Survey

The present paper exposes the definition and main characteristics of American depository receipts (ADR) and their market. The research discusses the theoretical and practical explanations of the ADR demand by us investors. It also considers, in theoretical terms, the reasons why an international issue would imply changes in the return and variance of the underlying security of ADRS, and comments on the evidence related t to such an issue. The main conclusion of this paper is addresed to the impact on the underlying security following the international listing by middle-sized firms from semi-integrated capital markets.

Short-term Overreaction in American Depository Receipts

In this paper we examine for the first time the short-term predictability of American Depository Receipts (ADRs) in reaction to extreme price movements. Based on an analysis of 2,911 extreme price movements that took place within either normal trading hours or after-hours in the period 2001-2019, we conclude that those extreme returns were on average followed by significant reversals. This response represents an overreaction in prices, which challenges the weak version of the efficient market hypothesis. Price reversals are especially pronounced following extreme returns observed during after-hours, which lends support to the assertion that ADR markets are particularly inefficient during this trading period. These findings carry important implications for both market practitioners and regulators.

Investors’ Attention and American Depository Receipts Pricing: Evidence from Indian Stocks

This paper is an attempt to examine the impact of investors’ attention on returns and the traded volume of American Depository Receipts prices for selected ten Indian Stocks. The Google search volume index has been used as a proxy for investors’ attention in this paper. However, factors such as size and book to market ratio were used to indicate as control variables. The results reveal that investors’ attention variable significantly affects ADRs traded volume, but has no impact on the ADR prices.

Seasonal anomalies in the market for American depository receipts

Purpose The literature provides extensive evidence for seasonality in stock market returns, but is almost non-existent concerning the potential seasonality in American depository receipts (ADRs). To fill this gap, this paper aims to examine a number of seasonal effects in the market for ADRs. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines four ADRs for the period from April 1999 to March 2017 to look for signs of eight important seasonal anomalies. The authors follow the standard methodology of using dummy variables for the time period of interest to capture excess returns. For comparison, the same analysis on two US stock market indices is conducted. Findings The results show the presence of a highly significant pre-holiday effect in all return series, which does not seem to be justified by risk. Moreover, turn-of-the-month effects, monthly effects and day-of-the-week effects were detected in some of the ADRs. The seasonality patterns under analysis tended to be stronger in emerging market-based ADRs. Research limitations/implications Overall, the results show that significant seasonal patterns were present in the price dynamics of ADRs. Moreover, the findings lend support to the idea that emerging markets are less efficient than developed stock markets. Originality/value This is the most comprehensive study to date for indication of seasonal anomalies in the market for ADRs. The authors use an extensive sample that includes recent significant financial events such as the 2007/2008 financial crisis and consider ADRs with different characteristics, which allows to draw comparisons between the differential price dynamics arising in developed market-based ADRs and in the ADRs whose underlying securities are traded in emerging markets.

Ownership Concentration and Economic and Financial Performance in Latin-American Companies

The study examined the relationship of ownership concentration in the economic and financial performance of publicly traded Latin American companies possessing American Depository Receipts (ADRs). Generally, the capital structure decisions are tied directly to the results of the organizations, thus reflecting the economic and financial performance. The correlation between the set of variables within the group of ownership structure with the group of economic and financial performance showed significant correlation with the linear combinations, when analyzed in the set of all the samples of companies and taken separately by country. However, the results did not show similar correlation to Venezuela, Colombia and Peru due to the existence of few observations. The results also portrayed a significant correlation within economic and financial performance, higher to Mexican companies, when compared with the results of other countries and among the set of the two groups of variables that highlighted the analysis by ownership structure and economic and financial performance as well.

Diversification and market risk exposure of single-listed versus dual-listed ADRs

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contrast market risk exposure and diversification of single-listed American depository receipts (“ADRs”) with those of dual-listed ADRs from the same geographical region during 2004-2012. Design/methodology/approach The study uses orthogonal returns in two-factor models to infer exposure to the US and ADRs’ home markets. Findings The authors found that both ADR types provide no diversification and are significantly exposed to US market risk. The authors also found that portfolios of both single- and dual-listed ADRs behave significantly differently than their home markets. Originality/value Only several academic papers discuss single-listed ADRs, and to the best of the knowledge, this study is the first to assess their diversification value.