MACROPRUDENTIAL SUPERVISION AND AGENTS’ INFORMATION: WHAT STRESS TESTS REALLY TELL THE MARKETS

Central bank’s macroprudential supervisory activities have to fulfill three distinct tasks: (i) assessing the banking system’s vulnerability to exogenous adverse turbulence, (ii) evaluating the risk of systemic crisis originating from idiosyncratic shocks, and (iii) measuring financial market’s sensitivity to policy stimuli. Given that macroprudential stress tests are the centerpiece of this policy approach, it is important to establish whether they are up to the task. We study how the 2011–2018 European Banking Authority stress tests affected market risk perception and show that they provided agents with valuable information on the policy stances and the vulnerabilities of the banking system, carrying out the above tasks successfully, especially the second and third tasks.

New Australian consumer payments regulation likely

Significance Market sectors under scrutiny include buy-now-pay-later (BNPL) platforms, cryptocurrency exchanges and digital wallets. All have seen a recent leap in popularity, driven in part by COVID-related concerns but mostly by the mainstream interest in alternative payment methods, leaving regulators concerned. Impacts The Treasurer is likely to gain extended powers to plug gaps in regulatory policy and address convergence issues. Liquidity concerns over cryptocurrency trading could be overcome through a central bank digital currency. Concerns over lost tax revenue and consumer protection, as well as the need to contain market risk, are driving reform efforts.

The Effects of the COVID-19 Crisis on Risk Factors and Option-Implied Expected Market Risk Premia: An International Perspective

Institutional investors often have to decide which strategy to use across international business cycles. This is especially important during economic and financial crises. The exogenous nature of the outbreak of the dramatic COVID-19 crisis represents a unique opportunity to understand the performance of risk factors during severe economic times across international stock markets. Even more important is to analyze how these factors behave across very different economic crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Great Recession. Although, the overall results show that the momentum and quality factors are the winners, with the value factor as the loser, this research also reports different responses of factors across crises and countries. The size, value, and defensive factors tend to perform worse during the health crisis relative to the Great Recession, while the momentum factor shows a poor performance during the financial crisis, but a positive one during the outbreak of COVID-19. The quality factor is an extraordinary defensive factor in both crises. Similarly, this paper reports heterogeneous responses of option-implied expected market risk premia across alternative stock market indices, and between the Great Recession and the COVID-19 crisis.

Bank Compliance Factors in Implementing Regulation Provisions on Bank Performance in Indonesia

This study aims to examine the effect of legal compliance on the health of commercial banks and Islamic banks in Indonesia, to the extent that compliance with the provisions and standards set by Bank Indonesia has an impact on improving bank performance. This study uses micro banking data listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2015- 2019. The data used is panel data that is tested in the relationship between measures of bank health legal compliance with indicators of capital, asset quality, management, earnings, and market risk sensitivity (CAMELS). The results of this study indicate that compliance with earnings and compliance with market risk sensitivity has a negative effect on bank performance, while compliance with liquidity has no effect on bank performance. Furthermore, three control variables used in this study, namely capital, asset quality, and corporate governance, were able to produce results as predicted. Received: 19 August 2021 / Accepted: 6 November 2021 / Published: 3 January 2022

Identifying the Asymmetric Channel of Crude Oil Risk Pass-Through to Macro Economy: Based on Crude Oil Attributes

The impact channel of crude oil market risk on the macroeconomy is highly related to oil attributes. This paper uses a stepwise test method with dummy variables to identify the channel effect of commodity market risk as well as financial market risk and explore the characteristics of the channel effect in different periods dominated by different oil attributes. Furthermore, this paper investigates the asymmetric characteristics of the channel effect under the condition of crude oil returns heterogeneity. The empirical results show that: First, commodity market risk, as well as financial market risk plays a channel role in the impact of crude oil market risk on the macroeconomic operation. Second, there is a significant difference in the ability of the commodity market and financial market to cope with shocks of crude oil market risk in periods dominated by different attributes. During the period dominated by the commodity attribute of oil, both commodity market and financial market play the role of “risk buffer”; during the period dominated by dual attributes of oil, the commodity market risk plays the role of “risk buffer”, while the financial market risk plays the role of “magnifier” of the crude oil market risk. Third, the channel effect pattern and degree of commodity market risk and financial market risk are significantly asymmetric.

Long-run Effects of Market Risk Factors on Bank Performance in the SSA Banking System

The study assesses the long-term effects of market risk factors on bank performance in the Sub-Saharan Africa banking system. The article identifies the most influential market risk factor and the most affected bank performance factors in the long term. It covers 40 countries with 350 commercial banks for ten years. The analysis uses dynamic fixed-effects models (ARDL-DFE). The results demonstrated that non-performing loans are the most influencers affecting bank performance factors in the long run. Furthermore, the results show that return on average assets is the most bank performance factor affected mainly by market risks, especially the NPLs in the long run. Finally, the findings surprisingly proved mutual interactions and cointegration movements among bank market risk factors and bank performance measures in the long run. These findings can assist central banks in supervising and regulating SSA commercial banks and inspire regional bank managers in reducing market risks and sharpening long-run performance strategies through resource reallocating.

Risk Management and Financial Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

The current study investigated risk management and financial performance of manufacturing firms. Specifically, the study analyzed liquidity risk and market risk effect on after tax profit of manufacturing establishment in Nigeria. The study employed panel data over the period spanning from 2010-2019 across 10 firms. Secondary data were gathered through the annual reports of the selected firms. Correlation analysis and panel-based estimation techniques were used. The outcome showed that liquidity risk positively and significantly affect profit after tax while market risk (measured by interest rate risk) negatively and insignificantly affect profit after tax of sampled firms quoted in Nigeria. This study concluded that efficient and effective risk management will positively affect performance of quoted firms in Nigeria, most specially management of internal risk such as the liquidity risk. Hence, firms should build an internal control system flexible in nature to harness the benefit of internal risk management and also normalize the negative effect of external risk such as the interest rate on performance.